eurasian otter lifespan

Any small groups of otters are likely to be a mother … Taxon Information Shetland in particular has a dense population of otters, and is estimated to be home to 12% of the UK total for the species. I suggest to add a photo of Eurasian river otter to show this species to readers. The Eurasian otter, also known as the European otter, Eurasian river otter, common otter, and Old World otter, is a semiaquatic mammal native to Eurasia. You have a close personal relationship (e.g. It is also part of the Vertebrate Genome Project (VGP)4 ordinal references programme, the DNA Zoo Project5 and the Darwin Tree of Life (DToL) project6. The elusive otter is one of our top predators, feeding mainly on fish (particularly eels and salmonids), waterbirds, amphibians and crustaceans. The Spotted-necked otter is so-called because of the creamy white mottled blotches on the neck and chest. A total of 63-fold coverage in Pacific Biosciences single-molecule long reads (N50 24 kb) and 58-fold coverage in 10X Genomics read clouds (from molecules with an estimated N50 of 57 kb) were generated. Then there’s the Sea Otters and a few other species, … The size of territories varies depending on habitat and productivity. The Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra), also known as the European otter, Eurasian river otter, common otter, and Old World otter, is a semiaquatic mammal native to Eurasia. A male's range often overlaps that of one or more females. The assembly has a BUSCO (Simão et al., 2015) completeness of 95.8% using the mammalia_odb9 reference set. Their fur is brown, altering to a lighter cream on their undersides. five years informal education about Eurasian otter in Slovenia was more intensive as a result of already mentioned project LIFE Natura 2000. 2. An average Eurasian otter will measure 57-70cm (22.5-28in) long with a weight of 7-10kg (15-22lbs). The email address should be the one you originally registered with F1000. Scars, too, are an easy way to ID. (Sivasothi 1994). It will explain: The conservation status of the Eurasian otter This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. Eurasian Otter Profile. Ecologically, Neptune’s Vishnu otter is thus more similar to the Eurasian otter than to the Pacific sea otter or the African and Asian clawless otters – both groups … An Indian Otter found at Hammerschmiede: Neptune’s Vishnu otter arrived 11.4 million years ago from Southeast Asia. Appearance. In 2002 a reintroduction programme was … favour or employment) as a result of your submission. Data are also presented for feral species, vagrants, and cetaceans that have only ever been found as strandings. The Atlas will be an invaluable source of information to mammal enthusiasts, professional ecologists, and policy makers. If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. Animals with bilateral symmetry have dorsal and ventral sides, as well as anterior and posterior ends. Eurasian otters have a small lifespan in the wild with the average otter only living to between 3-4 years. The hedgehog tick (Ixodes hexagonus), which is a close relative of the deer tick (Ixodes ricinus), is also a common parasite on otters. Otter Life. McGraw-Hill Publishing Company, NY. They are typically nocturnal, which means they sleep during the day and are most active at night, though this varies somewhat by country. For the most part Eurasian otters live alone, except when a mother has young babies. As you might expect, given their semiaquatic lifestyle, much of the diet of a Eurasian otter comes from the water. An otter is a small, slender semiaquatic mammal that can be found in marine, freshwater, and estuarine environments. Please disclose any competing interests that might be construed to influence your judgment of the article's or peer review report's validity or importance. It is territorial and solitary, and will mark its territory with spraints, or droppings that are left on distinctive points, such as rocks or fallen trees. Prey selection in coastal Eurasian otters Lutra lutra. Subphylum ... Life Span. Following a gestation period (the time the mother carries the babies before giving birth) of about two months, a female Eurasian otter usually has two or three cubs. They will stay with her for a little over a year, and they can mate and have babies of their own after they are two to three years old. The last recorded presence of the Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra) in the Netherlands dates from 1989: it was a dead individual trapped in a fyke.Otter numbers had plummeted from a flourishing population in the 1930s (van Wijngaarden and van de Peppel 1970).This rapid extinction of the Dutch otter population is typical of what happened in many industrialised and densely populated Western … Jefferies, D. J.; Hanson, H. M.; Harris, E. A. Otters may appear gentle and lovable, yet they are deadly wild animals. Reproduction. Territories range in size, depending on the availability of food, and may be up to 3 km. Eurasian otters are not a social species of otter preferring to live a solitary life. Contigs corresponding to the second haplotype have also been deposited. Search in feature All commenters must hold a formal affiliation as per our Policies. However, the Eurasian otter is the only otter in much of its range, so it is rarely confused for any other animal. Normally, this species is 57 to 95 cm (22.5 to 37.5 in) long, not counting a tail of 35–45 cm (14–17.5 in). The otter is active mainly at dusk or after dark, and during the day rests in a burrow, known as a holt, that it makes in riverbanks or under the roots of a tree. Consider the following examples, but note that this is not an exhaustive list: Sign up for content alerts and receive a weekly or monthly email with all newly published articles. We present a genome assembly from an individual male. A full set of BUSCO scores is available at https://blobtoolkit.genomehubs.org/view/mLutLut1_1/dataset/mLutLut1_1/busco. After a gestation period of 60-64 days, 2-3 (or sometimes 4) pups are born. This manuscript described the detailed information about the chromosome-level, You are now signed up to receive this alert, Examples of 'Non-Financial Competing Interests', Examples of 'Financial Competing Interests', If you do not have access to your original account, please. Their denture consist of 36 teeth, having 6 incisors, 2 fangs, 8 bicuspids and 2 molars in the upper jaw, and 2 premolars less in the lower one. They have long, sensitive whiskers which allow them to hunt in dark, murky waters. They range in size from the 30kg goral to the 350kg musk ox and display a variety of horn shapes and sizes as well as coat and body coloration. They are highly prized by hunters on account of their horns and their coats. The Macmillan Company, NY. In the wild, we found the oldest animal, a female, killed on the road in Scotland at the age of 16 years. The most widely distributed member of the otter subfamily (Lutrinae) of the weasel family(Mustelidae), it is found in the waterways and coasts of Europe, many parts of Asia, and parts of northern Africa. Scent marking is a form of communication between otters about the territorial boundaries, identity, and sexual state of each otter. scientific mentor, recent student). Lifespan/Longevity. Eurasia. Only one captures of Eurasian otter was obtained from a trap located in Balda beat of Bhaisanghat range. On physical examination, the otter was about 8% dehydrated and a palpable fluid wave was present in the abdomen. ADW doesn't cover all species in the world, nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe. Please try again, Email address not valid, please try again, Wellcome Genome Campus, Wellcome Sanger Institute,, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, UK, Cardiff Otter Project, Cardiff University School of Biosciences, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, UK, Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, SW7 5BD, UK, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, TX 77030 USA, USA, Panitz F. Reviewer Report For: The genome sequence of the Eurasian river otter, Lutra lutra Linnaeus 1758 [version 1; peer review: 2 approved], Hu Y. Reviewer Report For: The genome sequence of the Eurasian river otter, Lutra lutra Linnaeus 1758 [version 1; peer review: 2 approved], Approved - the paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested. The prevalence of Pseudoterranova decipiens (Nematoda) and Corynosoma strumosum (Acanthocephala) in otters Lutra lutra from coastal sites in Britain. Kennedy, S. 2003. Mating takes place in the water, and can occur throughout the year; there is no fixed breeding season. The interactive version of this figure is hosted here. Established in 1964, the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species has evolved to become the world’s most comprehensive information source on the global conservation status of animal, fungi and plant species. As much as 80 percent of their food intake is fish. uses smells or other chemicals to communicate. Lutra lutra are vocal, with basic calls of alarm, greeting, and mating as well as up to 12 other calls. To learn more about these small mammals, watch or read the lesson titled Eurasian Otter: Habitat, Diet, Lifespan & Facts. Two rounds of the Illumina polishing were applied. The Decline of the Eurasian Otter In Europe The Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra) was once common across Europe, with a range that extended from the Arctic to the Mediterranean and from Ireland to Asia. WEIGHT. There is active research of the continuing impacts of pollutants on otters (Pountney et al., 2015), and on the population genetic patterns that have resulted from their near-extinction and subsequent recovery in Britain (Stanton et al., 2014). These are covered in fur, but have their eyes closed for the first 5 weeks. https://doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15722.1, https://blobtoolkit.genomehubs.org/view/mLutLut1_1/dataset/mLutLut1_1/busco, https://github.com/PacificBiosciences/GenomicConsensus, https://support.10xgenomics.com/genome-exome/software/, pipelines/latest/advanced/other-pipelines, http://samtools.github.io/bcftools/bcftools.html, https://github.com/VGP/vgp-assembly/tree/master/pipeline/freebayes-polish, https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/data/view/PRJEB35340, https://www.vincentwildlife.ie/species/otter, https://species.nbnatlas.org/species/NBNSYS0000005133#overview, https://www.sanger.ac.uk/science/collaboration/25-genomes-25-years, https://doi.org/10.21956/wellcomeopenres.17235.r37966, https://wellcomeopenresearch.org/articles/5-33/v1#referee-response-37966, https://doi.org/10.21956/wellcomeopenres.17235.r37967, https://wellcomeopenresearch.org/articles/5-33/v1#referee-response-37967. animals that use metabolically generated heat to regulate body temperature independently of ambient temperature. All raw data and the assembly have been deposited in the ENA. Conservation genetics and genomics of endangered mammals. The otter can live for up to 10 years, but in the wild its average lifespan is often 3-4 years. Found insideEURASIAN. OTTER. FACTS. In 21st century Britain, the Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra) is known as a symbol of survival – a species once persecuted and threatened with extinction but subsequently legally protected and now seemingly thriving ... the nearshore aquatic habitats near a coast, or shoreline. Ecography 17: 339-348. The European otter is the most widely distributed otter species being widely spread across Europe. Eurasian otters are known as European otters. Nepal is also a signator of CITES, which forbids trade in the Eurasian otter. Not approved - fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions. the area in which the animal is naturally found, the region in which it is endemic. Long slender body, with a thick muscular tail. Today, most people are interested in wildlife but are unsure about the behavior of wildlife. Hopefully, this book will help to bridge this gap. Hi-C contact map of the L. lutra mLutLut1 assembly, visualized in Juicebox (Durand et al., 2016). A female otter reaches sexual maturity at between 18 months and 2 years of age, although most breeding begins at between 2 and 3 years. A male otter’s … The European Otter (Lutra lutra) is also known as the Eurasian River Otter, Common Otter and Old World Otter. LENGTH. A detailed survey in 2003-04 of 1,376 sites all over the country found evidence of otters at 92% of them, including in large urban areas such as Glasgow, Edinburgh and Dundee. This material is based upon work supported by the The Eurasian Otter is classified as “Near Threatened” by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. having the capacity to move from one place to another. The otter’s coat is brown on top, while the underside is a paler cream colour. Eurasian otters are perfectly adapted for a semi-aquatic life. Trees for Life is a registered Scottish charity – number SC021303. It’s also slender and has strong webbed toes and… Science. By Pranjal Mehar. You registered with F1000 via Google, so we cannot reset your password. More aquatic than other otters from Africa, its fully webbed paws have sharp, well-developed claws. If you still need help with your Facebook account password, please click here. With greater awareness and support the IOSF will be able to do more on the world stage to conserve otters - PROCEEDS FROM THE SALE OF THIS BOOK WILL GO TO THE IOSF. Email or password not correct. Discover How Long Smooth-coated Otter Lives. of food per day. However, there have been instances of otters living from 8-12 years, although possibly only one or two in a hundred will survive until this sort of age. Monogamy is common amongst River otter species, and most of them mate for life. It has large lungs, and its heart rate slows down to conserve oxygen when underwater, enabling the otter to dive for several minutes. Journal of Zoology. Past progress and future challenges R.J. Wheater Royal Zoological Society of Scotland, Edinburgh, UK. In the past two decades much has been achieved in the sphere of breeding endangered species, and we should be pleased that our co ... The assembly was checked for contamination and corrected using the gEVAL system (Chow et al., 2016). North American River Otter: The North American river otters are semiaquatic mammals and they are well adapted for the semi-aquatic living status. By continuing to browse the site, you are agreeing to our use of cookies. OTTERS! Amazing Facts About the Otter. Written in mesmerising prose, Otter Country establishes Darlington as a prominent voice in the new generation of British nature writers. Its range also encompasses Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia in North Africa, Middle Eastern countries from Turkey to Iran and Afghanistan, the Himalayan river valleys of Pakistan, India, Nepal and Bhutan, and parts of Southeast Asia, including Thailand, Laos, Vietnam and the island of Sumatra in Indonesia. for males and about 7 km (4.3 mi.) 1994. gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate), Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, © 2020 Regents of the University of Michigan. For example, Enhydra - saltwater-dwelling and Aonyx - which literally means 'without nails.' Small-clawed otters and to a lesser extent the three other otter species found in Southeast Asia—the Eurasian otter, the smooth-coated otter, and the … Eurasian otters have a small lifespan in the wild with the average otter only living to between 3-4 years. September 17, 2021. In addition the book examines the fabulous monsters of legend, and there are more general entries such as totems, fetishes, animal guardians and animal worship. The guide concludes with a bibliography. Over the course of the last Century, but particularly during the last four decades, otters have undergone a … It can be found in a variety of aquatic habitats, such as lakes, rivers, marshes, swamps as well as coastal areas. The Eurasian otter is a mustelid, well adapted for life in the water. In otherwords, Europe and Asia and northern Africa. The ponds also provide otters with a source of fish, and disused beaver lodges are used by otters for shelter. We removed two low-coverage scaffolds that were likely to have derived from the ribosomal DNA cistron of a Sarcocystis species (most similar to Sarcocystis lutrae). In South America, the neotropical otter preys on … In the 1950s-60s there was a serious decline in otter numbers in most of Europe, largely due to pollution, but at that time otter hunting was still permitted. Depending on the species, otters are aquatic, marine or semi-aquatic. With its companion volume, this book provides a complete survey of the teeth of vertebrates. It is the ideal resource for students and researchers in zoology, biology, anthropology, archaeology and dentistry. We therefore had little idea about what to expect from the observations on Eurasian otter ages in Shetland, apart from an intuitive picture of rather long-lived animals—which appeared to be quite wrong. 601-614, Volume 11, Issue 2, DOI: 10.1007/s10592-010-0051-6 Fresh waters are disproportionately rich in species, and represent global hotspots of biodiversity. However, they are also hotspots of endangerment. Background. LENGTH. A male otter’s range will encompass one or two females’ territories. Encyclopedia of Mammals. much heavier animals are regularly recorded. European Nucleotide Archive: Lutra lutra (Eurasian otter) genome assembly, mLutLut1. reproduction that includes combining the genetic contribution of two individuals, a male and a female. While not fully phased, the assembly deposited is of one haplotype. The Eurasian otter has a diet mainly of fish, and is stron… This article is included in the Tree of Life gateway. Vol 3. Scaffolding with Hi-C data (Rao et al., 2014) was carried out with 3D-DNA (Dudchenko et al., 2017), followed by manual curation with Juicebox Assembly Tools (Dudchenko et al., 2018; Durand et al., 2016; Robinson et al., 2018) and visualisation in HiGlass (Kerpedjiev et al., 2018). I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard. (Grzimek 1990), In the past river otters were considered to be the main competition of fishermen and a bounty was paid by the Swiss goverment for each otter killed. The genome was sequenced from a naturally deceased single male L. lutra collected by the Cardiff Otter Project from Wincanton, Somerset. in length along the coast, or from 5-20 km. Susan Kennedy (author), University of Michigan-Ann Arbor. Distribution of the African Clawless Otter (Aonyx capensis) Data based on Otters of the World (IOSF 2017) which is available at the Otter shop. (Grzimek 1990, MacDonald 1984, Heggberget 1994), The pelts of river otters are considered to be valuable to humans. The cubs' eyes open after one month and they begin to leave the nest after two months. River otters can dive for up to two minutes underwater and are most active at dusk and during the night. A TRAFFIC study between 1980 and 2015 found a total of 161 otter seizures in 15 countries in Asia involving a total of 5,881 specimens with India representing the most reported otter seizures—51.6% of all those recorded, a total of 83. GB369350669. Until as recently as 2016, the Indus flowing through the heart of Ladakh was thought to be the only confirmed river valley in India to host a population of Eurasian otters. The interactive version of this figure is hosted here. The Animal Diversity Web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students. Average lifespan Status: captivity 22.0 years Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research; Behavior. The Eurasian otter is the most widely distributed otter species, found throughout Europe, North Africa, and Asia to Japan and Indonesia. Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Laurasiatheria; Carnivora; Caniformia; Mustelidae; Lutrinae; Lutra; Lutra lutra Linnaeus 1758 (NCBI txid 9657). Pacific Biosciences CLR long read and 10X Genomics read cloud sequencing libraries were constructed according to the manufacturers’ instructions. In Ireland, L. lutra populations have … The male plays little, if any, role in rearing the young. Mortality can be high amongst young otters, often due to starvation when they disperse in areas where there are well-defended territories of adults. (MacDonald 1984, Sivasothi 1994), Lutra lutra individuals eat fish, crustaceans, clams, small mammals and amphibians, birds, eggs, insects, worms, and a small amount of vegetation. Nor. Both males and females become sexually mature when they are about 24 months old. Oxford University Press, NY. This book reviews the current state of knowledge of the most notable global invasive freshwater species or groups, based on their severity of economic impact, geographic distribution outside of their native range, extent of research, and ... Features an illustrated key to fish bones found in otter spraints. Answer (1 of 32): The Eurasian otter is the most widely distributed otter species, its range including parts of Asia and Africa, as well as being spread across Europe, south to Israel. Lutra lutra are basically solitary animals with only temporary pairing of mates or mothers with their young, although they are sometimes found in loosely knit groups of up to six animals. IV Social Groupings Eurasian otters are not a social species of otter preferring to live a solitary life. The river otter specimen was collected from Wincanton, Somerset by the Cardiff Otter Project. Ecography 17: 331-338. The pointed cusps, cutting blades, and restricted grinding areas suggest a diet based primarily on fish. Both juvenile and adult L. lutra play, trot, gallop, slide, and chase each other in water. Table 2: it is better to add the number of scaffolds assigned for each chromosome. "Lutra lutra" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. The ADW Team gratefully acknowledges their support. Field surveys in 1998 and 2007 documented increase in occurrence of the species. Mating can take place either in water or on land. Are the protocols appropriate and is the work technically sound? They are strongly depending on bank side vegetation and availability of denning sites such as holes in the river banks or … Average Lifespan in the Wild: 4 years Read More: Eurasian otter: Conservation Status: Eurasian Otter Nexon Game: Eurasian Otter is a type of mammalian Friend that appeared in the original Kemono Friends mobile game. You hold, or are currently applying for, any patents or significant stocks/shares relating to the subject matter of the paper you are commenting on. The genome will be annotated and presented through the Ensembl pipeline at the European Bioinformatics Institute. ELA was supported by an NSF Physics Frontiers Center Award (PHY1427654), the Welch Foundation (Q-1866), a USDA Agriculture and Food Research Initiative Grant (2017-05741), and an NIH Encyclopedia of DNA Elements Mapping Center Award (UM1HG009375). Are sufficient details of methods and materials provided to allow replication by others? The reintroduction of the Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra) into the Netherlands: hidden life revealed by noninvasive genetic monitoring, Conservation Genetics, 2010, pp. The plot shows N50 metrics for L. lutra assembly mLutLut1 and BUSCO scores for the Euarchontoglires set of orthologues. Here we present a chromosomally assembled genome sequence for L. lutra, based on a male specimen from Britain. The last recorded presence of the Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra) in the Netherlands dates from 1989 and concerned a dead individual. Eurasian otter images (Lutra lutra) images and facts - this gallery showcases stock photos of the world’s most widely distributed otter, the Eurasian otter. https://www.discoverwildlife.com/animal-facts/mammals/otters-of-the-world Their weight ranges from 7-12 kg. Researchers from the Universities of Tübingen and Zaragoza have discovered a previously unknown species of otter from 11.4-million-year-old strata at the Hammerschmiede fossil site. The majority, 92.7%, of the assembly sequence was assigned to 20 chromosomal-level scaffolds representing 18 autosomes (numbered by sequence length), and the X and Y sex chromosomes (Figure 1–Figure 4; Table 2). Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra)The Eurasian otter is characterized by webbed feet and claws and very short limbs. Its snout has some sensitive… The grey literature proved to be a valuable source of information for analyses of the local extinction of the Eurasian otter in Latium. Otters are often described as playful and have been observed sliding down mudbanks or snowdrifts on their bellies. This publication, prepared jointly by the WHO, the World Meteorological Organization and the United Nations Environment Programme, considers the public health challenges arising from global climate change and options for policy responses, ... Otters that live in coastal waters need to visit fresh water regularly to clean their fur. Concentrations in the tissue of aquatic organisms can be high despite low environmental concentrations, and this poses a risk to top-predator species with a long lifespan such as the Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra) (Fleming et al., 2000; Stein et al., 1996). To grasp its prey, the otter has sharp, non-retractable claws on its feet, which each have five toes. Two species of tapeworms (Diphyllobothrium latum and Diphyllobothrium medium) that are parasites of fish have been found in otters. Despite their low species density, hyenas are both unique and vital components of most African and some Asian ecosystems. Find out more ». Though we edit our accounts for accuracy, we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts. Otters may appear gentle and lovable, yet they are deadly wild animals. Throughout Europe, populations of L. lutra declined precipitously through the latter half of the 20th century, and the species is of active conservation concern. The typical lifespan of otters in the wild is between 4 and 10 years, although no conclusive studies have been made. Each day they will eat up to 15 percent of their body weight in food. We know that they are semi-aquatic fish-eating mammals and now we will also know some of their daily activities, which involve acting funny and being cute. Provide sufficient details of any financial or non-financial competing interests to enable users to assess whether your comments might lead a reasonable person to question your impartiality. Classification, To cite this page: (MacDonald, 1984), Lutra lutra forage in water and nest on land. The river otter starts it life usually in late spring and early summer. Although it was previously widespread in Japan, it is now believed to be extinct there. This otter is characterized by some brown and white spots on its neck. River otters hunt and feed several times a day, consuming about 1kg of food daily. Their webbed feet and long tails make them able swimmers. It is a European member of the Mustelidae or weasel family and is typical of freshwater otters. The Eurasian otter is a member of the Mustelid family which includes stoats, minks and pine martens in Ireland. Otters rely on their dense fur to insulate against cold water temperatures. The lifespan of a sea otter is that of eight to nine years in the wild, whereas it is said to be up to 21 years in captivity.

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