I always detested Prussian blue. In India, the black color of the ink came from bone char, tar, pitch and other substances. Black was the color of the industrial revolution, largely fueled by coal, and later by oil. [65] Black became the color of the uniform of the SS, the Schutzstaffel or "defense corps", the paramilitary wing of the Nazi Party, and was worn by SS officers from 1932 until the end of World War II. [8] This surpasses any former darkest materials including Vantablack, which has an peak absorption rate of 99.965% in the visible spectrum.[40].

In Paris, it was worn by Left-Bank intellectuals and performers such as Juliette Gréco, and by some members of the Beat Movement in New York and San Francisco. In the 2000 and 2012 census, the category "Black or African-American" was used, defined as "a person having their origin in any of the racial groups in Africa."

In contrast, across much of Africa and parts of Asia like Vietnam, white is a color of mourning. In 1949 the Federal Republic of Germany returned to the original flag and colors of the students and professors of 1815, which is the flag of Germany today.[68]. In theory, because the universe is full of stars, and is believed to be infinitely large, it would be expected that the light of an infinite number of stars would be enough to brilliantly light the whole universe all the time. It is thought to be about 13.8 billion years old, so we can only see objects as far away as the distance light can travel in 13.8 billion years. John Calvin, Philip Melanchthon and other Protestant theologians denounced the richly colored and decorated interiors of Roman Catholic churches. The daytime sky on Earth is blue because light from the Sun strikes molecules in Earth's atmosphere scattering light in all directions. In the 6th century BC, they began making black-figure pottery and later red figure pottery, using a highly original technique.

Inspired by the black uniforms of the Arditi, Italy's elite storm troops of World War I, the Fascist Blackshirts were organized by Benito Mussolini as the military tool of his political movement. The new ink made it possible to spread ideas to a mass audience through printed books, and to popularize art through black and white engravings and prints. The expression "X is the new black" is a reference to the latest trend or fad that is considered a wardrobe basic for the duration of the trend, on the basis that black is always fashionable. In 1815 the students began to carry a red, black and gold flag, which they believed (incorrectly) had been the colors of the Holy Roman Empire (the imperial flag had actually been gold and black). [25], Witch trials were common in both Europe and America during this period. Many performers of both popular and European classical music, including French singers Edith Piaf and Juliette Gréco, and violinist Joshua Bell have traditionally worn black on stage during performances. The term "smoking" is still used today in Russia and other countries. The word black comes from Old English blæc ("black, dark", also, "ink"), from Proto-Germanic *blakkaz ("burned"), from Proto-Indo-European *bhleg- ("to burn, gleam, shine, flash"), from base *bhel- ("to shine"), related to Old Saxon blak ("ink"), Old High German blach ("black"), Old Norse blakkr ("dark"), Dutch blaken ("to burn"), and Swedish bläck ("ink"). [17], Black symbolized both power and secrecy in the medieval world. The technique of making it probably came from China. In the center was the palace of Hades, the king of the underworld, where he was seated upon a black ebony throne. In the visible spectrum, black is the absorption of all colors.

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