Its status as one of the foremost centres of French research has led to its model being replicated elsewhere, in France (at the ENSes of Lyon, Paris-Saclay, and Rennes), in Italy (at the Scuola Normale Superiore in Pisa[18]), in Romania, in China and in former French colonies such as Morocco, Mali, Mauritania, and Cameroon. [8] The school was subsequently reestablished by Napoleon I as pensionnat normal from 1808 to 1822, before being recreated in 1826 and taking the name of École normale in 1830. [56][57] The school also features two specialised centres for documentation, the Bibliothèque des Archives Husserl, and the Centre d'Archives de Philosophie, d'Histoire et d'Edition des Sciences. It is one of the French grandes écoles and a constituent member of PSL University. Later, Marxist political thinker Louis Althusser was a student at ENS and taught there for many years, and many of his disciples later became known for their own thought: among them were Étienne Balibar, philosopher Alain Badiou, who still teaches at the school as an emeritus professor, and Jacques Rancière. After the July Revolution, the school regained its original name of École normale and in 1845 was renamed École normale supérieure. In this manner, a new concours was opened in the 1982 to reinforce the teaching of social sciences at the school. It has since developed into an institution which has become a platform for a select few of France's students to pursue careers in government and academia.

L’ENS est un établissement public à caractère scientifique, culturel et professionnel (EPSCP) au sens de l’article L. 716-1 du code de l’éducation placé sous l’autorité directe du ministre chargé de l’Enseignement supérieur. [69] It is generally regarded as the premier French institute for higher education and research, and it is currently ranked first among French universities by the ARWU and Times.[70]. [15][16][17] The school's students are often referred to as normaliens. The site has been undergoing major reconstruction since 2015.

[19] The establishment was opened in 1810, its strict code including a mandatory uniform. The students selected via the concours remain at the school for a length of time ranging from four to six years. [20] In 1847 the school moved into its current quarters at the rue d'Ulm, next to the Panthéon in the 5th arrondissement of Paris. ENS also welcomes selected foreign students (the "international selection"), participates in various graduate programs, and has extensive research laboratories.

Around this same period Algerian novelist, essayist and filmmaker Assia Djebar, who would become one of the most prominent voices of Arab feminism, was a student at the school, as well as Belgian writer Éric-Emmanuel Schmitt. [40] It also has eight departments in its "Letters" section: philosophy,[41] literature,[42] history,[43] classics,[44] social science,[45] economics[46] (this section is the base of Paris School of Economics),[47] geography,[48] and art history and theory.

Around the turn of the century two men who would become the founders of the Annales School, Marc Bloch and Lucien Febvre, studied at the school. [9] During their studies, many ENS students hold the status of paid civil servants.[10][11]. Other students can be selected but they are called "étudiants normaliens" and do not have their study paid and cannot be called "normaliens". More recently, the fourth école normale supérieure was created on January 2014 under the name of École Normale Supérieure de Rennes (pure and applied sciences, economics and management, law school, sport) in Brittany. Débat : Existe-t-il une sociologie de la démocratisation scolaire ? This period of his teaching is significant as it is the one in which it acquired "a much larger audience" than before and represented a "change of front" from his previous work. [54] This main library, which covers several thousand square metres, is one of the largest free access funds of books in France, with upwards of 800,000 books readily available and more than 1600 periodicals. [21] This helped it gain some stability, which was further established under the direction of Louis Pasteur. [61], ENS welcomes international researchers for one-year stays through the mediation of the Paris Institute of Advanced Research and the Villa Louis-Pasteur.

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