where is erbil located in kurdistan

The Muslims conquered Erbil in the 7th century, but it was not until Erbil was razed by the Turkic conqueror Timur (Tamerlane) in the late 14th century that it became largely Muslim. 1842. Languages: mainly Kurdish; Turkmani, Arabic, Armenian, and Assyrian in some areas. Its geographical focus is the plain around the city of Erbil, the capital of Erbil governorate and of the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. The Erbil Plain Archaeological Survey (EPAS) maps archaeological sites and landscape features over the past 10,000 years. It is located approximately in the center of the Iraqi Kurdistan region and north of Iraq. Erbil Erbil is the capital and largest city in Iraqi Kurdistan, and the fourth-largest city in Iraq.It is one of the oldest continually-inhabited sites of human civilization, and is also a rapidly-growing and urbanizing center for the oil industry and NGOs in the Middle East. There are international flights from Erbil to many countries; such as the Netherlands, Germany, Saudi Arabia, Austria, Turkey, Jordan and many more flights elsewhere around the world. An impressive textile museum containing a collection of old handmade carpets from Iraqi Kurdistan is located in the citadel. It is situated upon a tell, or mound, formed by successive historical periods of construction over the centuries, a common pattern in Middle Eastern archaeology. Akre is located 100 km East of Duhok, 25 km from the Ruvea intersection, on the way to Erbil and the Barzan Region. Erridupizir, king of the language isolate speaking kingdom of Gutium, captured the city in 2150 BC. Iran’s government Tuesday denied involvement in Monday night's rocket strike that killed one person and injured nine in Erbil in Iraqi Kurdistan. Latitude and longitude coordinates are: 36.191113, 44.009167. Dolphin Hotel&Hostel Sulaymaniyah Iraqi Kurdistan The Dolphin Hotel is located in the heart of the historic Old Town and is just 50 meters walk away from the famous Sara Square. The Kurdish Parliament in Erbil reconvened after a peace agreement was signed between the Kurdish parties in 1997, but had no real power. The events are depicted in the Behistun Inscription which stands today in the mountains of Iran's Kermanshah province. V. Minorsky. Neighbors to the Parthians in north eastern Iran, these early Iranian tribes were nomadic pastoralists, reputed to use the lasso as their principal weapon. Erbil went on to be the seat of rule of the Adiabene Kingdom in the first century AD, largely located to the north west in the region of modern day Diyarbakir in Turkey. The city is also the capital of the Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG) in Iraq and is among the largest cities in that country. Professor of Political Science, Tennessee Technological University. During the reign of the Ilkhan Öljeitü the Assyrian inhabitants retreated to the citadel to escape persecution. In the same year, all inhabitants, except one family, were evicted from the citadel as part of a large restoration project. Urban life at Erbil (Hewlêr) can be dated back to at least 6000 BC, and it is one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world. Masoud Barzani, president of the Kurdistan Regional Government, and Paul Wolfowitz, U.S. deputy secretary of defense, greeting children in Erbil, Iraq, 2004. Services & Facilities At Erbil Oscar Hotel, we ensure to provide our guests with every desirable service and facility, to give them a memorable stay at Erbil city. The Erbil Citadel dates back thousands of years, to the first settlers of Erbil.Over the millenia, the Erbil Citadel has taken shape, each generation building new structures on top of those of the previous generation. Today the Assyrian people, a Syriac-speaking community who claim descent from Akkadian speakers, endure as a minority in northern Iraq, north east Syria, south east Turkey and north west Iran, their population is estimated to be 3.3 million. In contrast to the horrific violence in Arab Iraq that followed the U.S.-led invasion in 2003 (see Iraq War), Erbil and the rest of the region administered by the Kurdish Regional Government have largely been spared. There also are private primary and secondary schools. Taxis and buses provide public transportation. 208 pp. It is an extremely old settlement, which has a dramatic and winding history. [21] The Neo-Sumerian ruler of Ur, Amar-Sin, sacked Urbilum in his second year, c. 1975 BC.[10]. It is the capital of Kurdistan Region and the second capital of the Federal of Iraq after Baghdad. [35][36] Hülegü then appointed an Assyrian Christian governor to the town, and the Syriac Orthodox Church was allowed to build a church. Erbil History Erbil is the capital of the autonomous Kurdistan region of Iraq. The attack targeted the US coalition base in the northern Iraq city, killing a civilian contractor and injuring eight others.. (2015 est.) Saddam’s defeat at the end of the Persian Gulf War (1990–91) led to the establishment of the autonomous Kurdish Regional Government (KRG) in northern Iraq. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. The earliest historical reference to the region dates to the Third Dynasty of Ur of Sumer, when King Shulgi mentioned the city of Urbilum. Geographical Data: Erbil city is located east to Sulaymanyah Governorate and it is only 350 km from Baghdad. The Erbil Citadel, also known as the Hawler Castle, is UNESCO-designated world heritage site in Erbil, the capital of Iraqi Kurdistan.. History of the Erbil Citadel. Summer months are extremely dry, with little to no precipitation occurring between June and September. Some 14 rockets landed in and around the base, located at the city’s international airport, on Monday night, the US-led coalition said. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. With the population of approximately 1.3 million in 2009, it is the fourth largest city in Iraq after Baghdad, Basra and Mosul. Erbil - the name most used internationally for the ancient city that serves as today's capital of Kurdistan Province - is often referred to by the phonetic equivalents of Arbil or Erbil, as well as Arbela. The town was built on the side of a mountain range by the Kurdish Prince Zand in 580 B.C. Akre is located 100 km East of Duhok, 25 km from the Ruvea intersection, on the way to Erbil and the Barzan Region. The modern town of Erbil stands on a tell topped by an Ottoman fort. The origin of the name can be traced back to Sumerian writings as early as 2000 BC referring to Arbilum, Orbelum or Urbilum. Consulate General Erbil is located in the Ankawa suburb of Erbil, on the Erbil Road next to the Police Station and opposite the Chaldean Cultural Center. Swimming pools, tennis courts, bowling alleys, a water park, an ice-skating rink, a climbing wall, and a track for go-karts can be found in the city. Co-located with the U.S. Consulate General is the USAID office serving the Iraqi Kurdistan Region. Erbil Governorate Erbil Governorate is in Iraqi Kurdistan. [13][14] In July 2014, the Citadel of Arbil was inscribed as a World Heritage site. [34][broken footnote] After the fall of Baghdad to Hülegü and the Mongols in 1258, the last Begtegenid ruler surrendered to the Mongols, claiming the Kurdish garrison of the city would follow suit; they refused this however, therefore the Mongols returned to Arbil and were able to capture the citadel after a siege lasting six months. The buildings on top of the tell stretch over a roughly oval area of 430 by 340 metres (1,410 ft × 1,120 ft) occupying 102,000 square metres (1,100,000 sq ft). harvnb error: no target: CITEREFVillard2001 (, 'Directorate Antiquities of Erbil's Guide' Brochure produced by General Directorate of Antiquities, KRG, Ministry of Tourism. Erbil became part of the region disputed between Rome and Persia under the Sasanids. The region in which Erbil lies was largely under Sumerian domination from c. 3000 BC, until the rise of the Akkadian Empire (2335–2154 BC) which united all of the Akkadian Semites and Sumerians of Mesopotamia under one rule. When the Mongols invaded the Near East in the 13th century, they attacked Arbil for the first time in 1237. Erbil Main Square. A huge seated statue of Ibn al-Mustawfī (1169–1239), a famous Kurdish historian, sits at the citadel’s base. [38][39], However, the city's Assyrian population remained numerically significant until the destruction of the city by the forces of Timur in 1397.[40]. However, Erbil continued to suffer economically as a result of the economic blockade imposed upon it by Saddam and by UN sanctions against Iraq. Now $139 (Was $̶1̶7̶4̶) on Tripadvisor: Erbil International Hotel, Iraq. Shafaq News / Kurdistan’s Ministry of Interior confirmed, on Wednesday, that the attack that targeted Erbil International Airport was carried out with a … In the Middle Ages, Erbil was ruled successively by the Umayyads, the Abbasids, the Buwayhids, the Seljuks and then the Turkmen Begtegīnid Emirs of Erbil (1131–1232), most notably Gökböri, one of Saladin's leading generals; they were in turn followed by the Ilkhanids, the Jalayirids, the Kara Koyunlu, the Timurids and the Ak Koyunlu. After the Mongols captured the citadel in 1258, Erbil's importance began to decline. Erbil, also spelled Arbīl or Irbīl, Assyrian Arba-ilu, Greek Arbela, Kurdish Hawler or Hewler, city, capital of Erbil muḥāfaẓah (governorate), northern Iraq. [47] Erbil has a system of five ring roads encirling the city. In February 2021, a series of missiles hit the city killing 2 and injuring 8 people. P. 101-126. harvnb error: no target: CITEREFWoods1977 (, harvnb error: no target: CITEREFNováčekChabrFilipskýJaniček2008 (. [22] According to Classical authors, the Persian emperor Cyrus the Great occupied Assyria in 547 BC and established it as an Achaemenid satrapy called in Old Persian Aθurā (Athura), with Babylon as the capital.[23]. Le « territoire tribal des Kurdes » et l’aire iraqienne (xe-xiiie siècles): Esquisse des recompositions spatiales. [48], Erbil has a Mediterranean climate (Köppen climate classification Csa), with long, extremely hot summers and mild winters. They record two journeys to Erbil (Irbilum) by a messenger from Ebla around 2300 BC. The city is located in Iraqi Kurdistan. Erbil, capital of Erbil governorate, Iraq. There are traces of early settled existence in the Erbil region as far back as the twenty-third century BC, but probably the first major population expansion took place when Cyaxares (625 - 585 BC), the first King of Media, settled some of the sagarthian tribes in what is today Erbil and Kirkuk. Erbil Football Team Wins 3 Iraqi nation league and reached the AFC Final twice, but lost both times. [12] During the Sassanian period and the Abbasid Caliphate, Erbil was an important centre for Assyrian Christianity and the Assyrians. Although Assyrian and Chaldean Christians speak dialects of Aramaic, culturally they have much in common with the Kurds. The Erbil Plain Archaeological Survey. In 2015, the Assyrian Church of the East moved its seat from Chicago to Erbil. Other team sports include volleyball and basketball. Operations shifted to a newly constructed airport in 2010. The town was built on the side of a mountain range by the Kurdish Prince Zand in 580 B.C. Studies in Caucasian History III, Prehistory of Saladin. Kurdistan projects erbil. Following the Muslim conquest of Persia, it no longer remained a unitary region, and during the Middle Ages, the city came to be ruled by the Seljuk and Ottoman empires.[11]. Tavana Manufacturing Company is a fully private family owned company acting as a leading industrial firm in the field of designing and manufacturing heavy industrial components for the oil, gas, petrochemical , power plants industries and all steel structures project which is located in Tehran and Zanjan, center and west of Iran The Battle of Gaugamela, in which Alexander the Great defeated Darius III of Persia, took place in 331 BC approximately 100 kilometres (62 mi) west of Erbil. The legislature ceased to function effectively in the mid-1990s when fighting broke out between the two main Kurdish factions, the Kurdistan Democratic Party and the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan (PUK). Erbil International Airport was briefly closed to international commercial flights in September 2017 by the Iraqi government in retaliation for the Kurdish independence vote but reopened in March 2018. When it was fully occupied, the citadel was divided in three districts or mahallas: from east to west the Serai, the Takya and the Topkhana. In the desert region, “caravan cities” such as Hatra and Palmyra began their rise in the Seleucid period and had their heyday under the Parthians.…. Erbil, also spelled Arbīl or Irbīl, Assyrian Arba-ilu, Greek Arbela, Kurdish Hawler or Hewler, city, capital of Erbil muḥāfaẓah (governorate), northern Iraq. The University of Kurdistan (Hewler), which offers instruction in English, opened in 2006. Erbil (Hewlêr, in Kurdish) or Arbela (as it was known in ancient history) is the capital, largest and most populated city, with a population of 879,000 inhabitants (as of 2015), in the semi-autonomous region of Iraqi Kurdistan. Erbil’s main industry is the construction of roads and buildings, propped up by foreign oil companies contracted to drill oil in Kurdistan. Erbil combines with Dahuk and Sulaymaniyah to form the area administrated by the Kurdistan Regional Erbil’s original airport, constructed in the 1970s, was opened for international flights in 2005. Just south of the citadel is the Qaysari Bazaar, a rambling covered market of small narrow alleys with boutiques selling ready-made clothes and colourful imported fabrics for making women’s dresses and other items. The only religious structure that currently survives in the citadel is the Mulla Afandi Mosque. (Somewhat inaccurately, the confrontation is sometimes known as the "Battle of Arbela".) It lies between the latitudes (45, 35-37), and the longitudes 43 and 45. Total Area of the city : 15214 Km2 Museum: This is where Erbil is located on the map. After the battle, Darius managed to flee to the city. Erbil International Airport is one of Iraq's busiest airports and it is near the city. Since then, archaeological research and restoration works have been carried out at and around the tell by various international teams and in co-operation with local specialists, and many areas remain off-limits to visitors due to the danger of unstable walls and infrastructure. Located in the middle of Kurdistan. ERBIL (Kurdistan 24) – Security forces have located the launch site of Monday night’s rocket attacks on the Kurdistan Region’s capital Erbil, the interior ministry announced, saying investigations are continuing. Today the Assyrian people, a Syriac-speaking community who claim descent from Akkadian speakers, endure as a minority in northern Iraq, north east Syria, south east Turkey and north west Iran, their population is estimated to be 3.3 million. Omissions? It became one of the most important tourist landmarks in Iraq. Geography of Erbil The city of Erbil is situated in the South of Iraqi Kurdistan. Ring in the new year with a Britannica Membership. About Kurdistan City Constructed By Rostvale Company That is located Near Bahrka behind Ganjan City , Constructed in a good quality, It Consists Of 408 And 364 Apartments ,The project has school ,kindergarten , hospital , football field, police station and parks it also 24/7 electricity. Updates? [17][18][19], The region in which Erbil lies was largely under Sumerian domination from c. 3000 BC, until the rise of the Akkadian Empire (2335–2154 BC) which united all of the Akkadian Semites and Sumerians of Mesopotamia under one rule. Kurdish Flag in Erbil. Nováček, K., Amin, N., & Melčák, M. (2013). The famous Hamilton Road (constructed under British rule in 1928–32 by Archibald M. Hamilton) runs from Erbil through the mountains and canyons northeast to the Iranian border. Erbil’s famous citadel, designated a UNESCO World Heritage site in 2014, covers more than 1.1 million square feet (100,000 square metres) and sits some 100 feet (30 metres) above its immediate surroundings. The house of the citadel behind him are built into stony ground of the mound and look down on the streets and tarmacked roads that circle them. Castle is the highest point in … 1953. From the city's Christian period come many church fathers and well-known authors in Syriac. Erbil is the birthplace of Ibn Khallikān (1211–82), the Muslim jurist famous as the compiler of a great biographical dictionary of Arab scholars, and, in modern times, İhsan Doğramacı (1915–2010), a famous Turkish physician and educational administrator, and Abdulla Pashew (born 1946), an eminent Kurdish poet. See 85 traveler reviews, 127 candid photos, and great deals for Erbil International Hotel, ranked #62 of 80 hotels in Iraq and rated 3.5 of 5 at Tripadvisor. Erbil borders Turkey to the north and Iran to the east. However, Muhammad “Sami” Abdul Rahman, a well-known Kurdish leader, and more than 100 other people were killed by a bomb that was detonated at an important reception in February 2004; Islamic extremists took credit for the atrocity. It is located approximately in the center of the Iraqi Kurdistan region and north of Iraq. 21 reviews. The ancient Ashkenazi-Riphathean[24][25] kingdom of Adiabene (the Greek form of the Assyrian Ḥadyab) had its centre at Erbil, and the town and kingdom are known in Jewish history for the conversion of the royal family to Judaism. Erbil was already an ancient city when Alexander the Great famously defeated the Persian king Darius III some 50 miles (80 km) northwest of it at the Battle of Gaugamela, also known as the Battle of Arbela (Erbil), in 331 bce. Vanquished, Darius managed to flee to Erbil, which is why the battle is still sometimes referred to - rather inaccurately - as the Battle of Erbil. Iraq, 75, 1-42. doi:10.1017/S0021088900000401. There are occasionally seasonal flights from Erbil international airport. In 2007, the High Commission for Erbil Citadel Revitalization (HCECR) was established to oversee the restoration of the citadel. It is the capital of Kurdistan Region and the second capital of the Federal of Iraq after Baghdad. [43] Responsibility was claimed by the Ansar al-Sunnah. KDP claimed that on March 1996 PUK asked for Iran's help to fight KDP. Erbil became a part of the Musul Vilayet in Ottoman Empire for until World War I, when the Ottomans and their Kurdish and Turcoman allies were defeated by the British Empire. The Department of Foreign Relations is mandated to promote the interests of the Kurdistan Region and its people in regard to relations with the international community, in accordance with the Region’s legislation and the Constitution of the Republic of Iraq. [54] Erbil citadel has been inscribed on the World Heritage List on 21 June 2014 . The city is a key element for eastern part and Kurdistan Region defining. [53] The earliest evidence for occupation of the citadel mound dates to the 5th millennium BC and possibly earlier. [27][28] The metropolitanate of Ḥadyab in Arbela (Syriac: ܐܪܒܝܠ Arbel) became a centre of eastern Syriac Christianity until late in the Middle Ages.[29]. Following the Muslim conquest of Persia, the Sasanid province of Assuristan, of which Erbil made part of, was dissolved, and from the mid 7th century AD the region saw a gradual influx of Muslim peoples, predominantly Arabs, Kurds and Turkic peoples. Erbil History and Culture. Over the millennia, Erbil has been ruled by such empires as those of the Sumerians, Assyrians, Babylonians, Medians, and Achaemenids and later the Sassanid Persians, Greeks, Parthians, Arabs, and Ottomans. Kurdistan covers 50,000Km2 – four times the area of Lebanon and larger than the Netherlands. Despite the Turkic bishop Mar Yahballaha's best efforts to avert the impending doom, the citadel was at last taken after a siege by Ilkhanate troops and Kurdish tribesmen on 1 July 1310, and all the defenders were massacred, including many of the Assyrian inhabitants of the lower town. Erbil, also spelled Arbil, locally called Hewlêr by the Kurds, is the capital city of Iraqi Kurdistan and the most populated city in the Kurdish inhabited areas of Iraq. Please select which sections you would like to print: While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. [26] During the Parthian era to early Sassanid era, Erbil became the capital of the Ashkenazi-Riphathean[24][25] state of Adiabene. Other sights to visit in the citadel include the bathing rooms (hammam) built in 1775 located near the mosque and the Textile Museum. During the Middle Ages, Erbil became a major trading center on the route between Baghdad and Mosul, a role which it still plays today with important road links to the outside world. Since the fall of Saddam Hussein in 2003, Erbil has experienced an incredible economic boom that has brought tall buildings, modern housing, expensive hotels, new well-paved two- and four-lane roads, shopping centres, excellent restaurants, parks, and a hospital. Early Christianity was also to flourish in Erbil with a bishop established in the town as early as AD 100 with a community of followers thought to be converts from Judaism. As an oil-based rentier economy preparing to diversify into a business and tourist destination, Erbil has garnered comparisons to Dubai. P. 159-161. Erbil’s press is very prolific and includes newspapers, magazines, and radio and television broadcasting. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. The local population is dominated by the Kurdish nation, and local culture is also heavily influenced by Kurdish traditions and lifestyle. It is one of the most ancient cities in the world, dating back at least to 2300 bce. Considering this as a foreign attack on Iraq's soil, the KDP asked Saddam Hussein for help. In the Kurdish, the city is still referred to as Hewlêr, linked perhaps to the Greek helios (Sun) and denoting a sun temple,[citation needed] in recognition of the early Zoroastrian worship of fire and sun. [41]. “This hotel is located very close to Royal Mall (good for shopping with carrefour and for food with a food court). On its western edge the city also boasts the impressive Muẓaffariyyah Minaret (Kurdish Choly Minara), constructed in 1190–1232 and reaching a height of 120 feet (36 metres). After Battle of Chaldiran in 1514 Erbil came under Soran emirate In 18th century Baban Emirate took the city but it was retaken by Soran ruler Mir Muhammed Kor in 1822 The Soran emirate continued ruling over Erbil until it was taken by the Ottomans in 1851. Cambridge University Press. Temperatures often reach 32 °F (0 °C) in the winter. EU Delegation - Erbil Liaison Office Level of official Representations:EU Delegation – Erbil Liaison Office Office Head: Mr Vincent Guillaume Poupeau Official Rank: Head of Office Phone number: + 9647834468423 Email: Snawber.ABDULLAH@eeas.europa.eu Address/Location: ParkView-B5,8th F,Apt.32, Erbil, Kurdistan Region-Iraq It is the capital city in the Kurdistan Region, and one of the most ancient cities on earth. Akre is rich in historical sites, such as temples, statues, and ancient buildings, and mineral springs can be found near the town. The infrastructure of the city and governorate of Erbil were largely ignored under Iraqi rule after World War I and suffered greatly during the Kurdish struggle against Saddam Hussein in the 1970s and later. Akre is rich in historical sites, such as temples, statues, and ancient buildings, and mineral springs can be found near the town. It lies a convenient 15km drive from Erbil international airport and next to the international school of Choueifat. Urban life in Erbil can be dated back to at least 6000 BC and it is one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world. The Book Cafe Location : Erbil Dream City At Plaza 2 Now Opening Kurdistan Projects 2017 Project Name : Lana City Location : Erbil Kurdistan Projects ️ ️ ️ Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). In the Spring of 1310, the Malek (governor) of the region attempted to seize it from them with the help of the Kurds. A new bus terminal was opened in 2014. Under the KRG much power is devolved, so officials at the governorate, district, and subdistrict levels have considerable authority to implement local projects and services. It appears for the first time in historical sources during the Ur III period and gained particular importance during the Neo-Assyrian Empire (10th to 7th centuries BC) period. There is virtually no manufacturing in Erbil. There are at least four other universities in the area administered by the KRG, including the University of Duhok, the University of Sulaimani, Koya University, and the American University of Iraq, Sulaimani. Author of. From 1994–98 the city also suffered from internecine fighting between the two main Kurdish parties, Masoud Barzani’s Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP) and Jalal Talabani’s Patriotic Union of Kurdistan (PUK). [6] It has around 1.5 million inhabitants,[2] while Erbil Governorate has 2,932,800 inhabitants as of 2020[update]. The local major football team is Erbil Soccer Club which plays its football matches at Franso Hariri Stadium (named after the assassinated Assyrian politician, former governor of Erbil city Franso Hariri) which is based in the south part of central Erbil. [45][46], Another important form of transportation between Erbil and the surrounding areas is by bus. Pop. The city is surrounded by Nineveh from west and Kirkuk city from east and Iran and Turkey from North. During the 2003 Invasion of Iraq, a United States special forces task force was headquartered just outside Erbil. The main gate is guarded by an immense statue of a Kurd reading. During the 20th century, the urban structure was significantly modified, as a result of which a number of houses and public buildings were destroyed. EU Delegation - Erbil Liaison Office Level of official Representations:EU Delegation – Erbil Liaison Office Office Head: Mr Vincent Guillaume Poupeau Official Rank: Head of Office Phone number: + 9647834468423 Email: Snawber.ABDULLAH@eeas.europa.eu Address/Location: ParkView-B5,8th F,Apt.32, Erbil, Kurdistan Region-Iraq The Erbil Citadel, locally called Qelat is a tell or occupied mound, and the historical city centre of Erbil in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. Most businesspeople are merchants, buying and selling food and services connected mostly with the construction industry. The other significant museum in Erbil, the Erbil Civilization Museum, houses some artifacts discovered in the area. That is because of the ancient establishment of the city (The city was established in 2300 BC by the Sumerians). Other ethnic groups in the city include the Turkmen and Arabs. Under the Median Empire, Cyaxares might have settled a number of people from the Ancient Iranian tribe of Sagartians in the Assyrian cities of Arbela and Arrapha (modern Kirkuk), probably as a reward for their help in the capture of Nineveh. [7], Human settlement at Erbil may be dated back to the 5th millennium BC, which would make the city one of the oldest continuously inhabited areas in the world. Football (soccer) is the main sport played in Erbil, and there is a football stadium. A wealthy class has emerged, accompanied by an increase in alleged corruption and nepotism. Erbil was an integral part of Assyria from around 2050 BC, becoming a relatively important city during the Old Assyrian Empire (1975–1750 BC), Middle Assyrian Empire (1365–1050 BC) and the Neo Assyrian Empire (935–605 BC), until the last of these empires fell between 612–599 BC. Erbil (اربيل) is a large and old city located in northern Iraq. Centered around Erbil, the capital and economic hub for autonomous region of Kurdistan Region and its … It has hot and dry days in the summer with temperatures reaching about 100 °F (40 °C) but cools off pleasantly in the evenings. Although together they enroll tens of thousands of students, as many as half of them female, all are in need of modern equipment and books. B. James. It lies between the latitudes (45, 35-37), and the longitudes 43 and 45. It is equally religiously diverse, with believers of Sunni Islam, Shia Islam, Christianity, Yarsanism and Yazidism. Although the press is largely free, there have been some incidents involving journalistic intimidation, harassment, and even killings. The Kurdish government in Erbil had control only in the western and northern parts of the autonomous region. A planned future hospital will also be close by giving residents required infrastructure for modern living. As time passed, sustained persecutions of Christians, Jews and Buddhists throughout the Ilkhanate began in earnest in 1295 under the rule of Oïrat amir Nauruz, which affected the indigenous Assyrian Christians greatly. Erbil has long been an important trade centre, with roads south to Arab Iraq and abroad to Turkey, Iran, and Syria. In 1297, after Ghazan had felt strong enough to overcome Nauruz's influence, he put a stop to the persecutions. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Send money internationally, transfer money to friends and family, pay bills in person and more at a Western Union location in Erbil, Kurdistan Region.

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