Finally, there is a smile after the completion of the water spouting from the mouth, that is slowed to extend for 15 seconds. Unlike other park feature sponsors, the Crowns acted independently of Millennium Park officials; they conducted independent surveys of water technologies, held their own informal design contest, and stayed active in the design and engineering of the project. [30] Faculty from Columbia College Chicago was also involved in the production of the video. [7] The Financial Times refers to the fountain as a "techno-fountain". [71][72] Critical reviews were not unanimous in their praise. [66] Crown Fountain has more interactivity than other Chicago fountains, such as Buckingham Fountain and Lorado Taft's Fountain of the Great Lakes and Fountain of Time[29][54] (all but the last are in Grant Park). [citation needed]Works. [67] Chicago Tribune architecture critic Blair Kamin, who is pleased with the sculptures' verticalness, says the fountain helps appropriately depict the modern 21st-century urban park. Rather than use a standard plunger to ensure the glass that sagged off the rod spread to the corners of the mold, they relied on gravity. Designed by Spanish artist Jaume Plensa and executed by Krueck and Sexton Architects, it opened in July 2004. [35] Plensa had used LED fixtures on previous projects, and thus had some experience with these issues. Hotels near Crown Fountain: (0.05 mi) Chicago Athletic Association Hotel (0.08 mi) University Club of Chicago (0.15 mi) Silversmith Hotel Chicago Downtown (0.25 mi) Staypineapple, An Iconic Hotel, The Loop Chicago (0.25 mi) Hotel Julian; View all hotels near Crown Fountain on Tripadvisor [8] His presentation to the Crown family started with a slide show of fountains from the Middle Ages through the 20th century. [69] The beauty of the fountain is, as the San Francisco Chronicle explains, that it is high-concept art for all to enjoy. Crown Fountain is an interactive work of public art and video sculpture featured in Chicago's Millennium Park, which is located in the Loop community area. [29], Crown Fountain has both slits and a grate for drainage (pictured above right) to drain the 11,520 US gal (43,608 l; 9,592 imp gal) of water per minute. Select from premium Jaume Plensa Crown Fountain of the highest quality. [46] At the time of the unveiling, Crown Fountain, like the nearby Cloud Gate, was incomplete because only 300 of the videos had been refined for public display. Commissioned by: The Public Art Program, Department of Cultural Affairs, City of Chicago, 2000, Glass, stainless steel, LED screens, light, wood, black granite and water, 2 towers of 16 meter high upon a water sheet of 70 x 14 meter in a total surface of 2.200 m2. [9] As of 2007, Millennium Park trails only Navy Pier as a Chicago tourist attraction. [38] The combination of the refraction of the glass and the thinness of the metal make the grid virtually invisible. Exhibitions [24] Maintenance issues for the fountain range from kids removing the adhesive between the bricks to pipes in need of maintenance. [18], Plensa's design of Crown Fountain was unveiled to the public on July 16–18, during the 2004 grand opening celebrations for Millennium Park. These dualities are both formal, as in the vertical of the towers and horizontality of the granite plaza surrounding them, the hardness of the stone and the softness of the water, and they are also conceptual. [30] The subjects were chosen from local schools, churches and community groups, and filming began in 2001 at the downtown campus of the School of the Art Institute of Chicago (SAIC). The force of the water accounts for the entire range of possible interactive visitors. The Crown Fountain. Plensa, who maintained control of the video faces for the first two years of the fountain's operation, understands that future generations may wish to update the faces used in the rotation of videos to reflect changes in humanity going forward. Although Plensa is considered to be a conceptual artist, according to Jodidio, Plensa created a work whose architectural aspects are paramount. [3] The water operates from May to October,[4] intermittently cascading down the two towers and spouting through a nozzle on each tower's front face. In the 1990s, he completed several outdoor sculptures in which he explored the use of light (The Star of David (1998) at Stockholm's Raoul Wallenberg Square, Bridge of Light (1998) in Jerusalem), and LED technology, video, and computer design (Gläserne Seele & Mr. Net in Brandenburg (1999–2000)). The fountain is composed of a black granite reflecting pool placed between a pair of glass brick towers. This concept of time as the sediment of experiences within a general memory where or recollections also fit. If all the faces were shown consecutively, instead of randomly, they would each appear about once every eight days. Jaume Plensa est né en 1955 à Barcelone, où il a étudié à l’école de la Llotja, École supérieure de design et d'art, et à l’Ecole des Beaux-Arts de Sant Jordi. [50] As of 2014[update], annual upkeep costs were approximately $400,000. [25] The artist intends to portray the sociocultural evolution of the city by updating the collection of images. [25][18] Nonetheless, in some case, digital manipulation was necessary to properly simulate puckering in the exact proper location on the video. Although consideration was given to omitting a LED tile, it was determined that the images would then look as though they were each missing a tooth. "Chicago's stunning Crown Fountain uses LED lights and displays", "Crown Fountain—***1/2*—Monroe Drive and Michigan Avenue—Jaume Plensa, Barcelona with Krueck & Sexton Architects, Chicago", "Walking on the water—Artist Jaume Plensa reinvents the fountain for the 21st century", "Chicago's architectural razzmatazz: New or old, skyscrapers reflect city's brash and playful character", "Nation Sweats as Heat Hits Triple Digits", "City to finally open its new front yard—Millennium Park's price tag tripled", "In a fight over Grant Park, Chicago's mayor faces a small revolt", "Tallest Buildings in the United States1", Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat, "Making Faces—How the Millennium Park fountain designers employed a dentist chair, Sony HDW-F900 and hundreds of curious Chicagoans to pull off this artistic and technological marvel", "Have you seen this face? [13] Millennium Park was conceived in 1998 as the capstone of Grant Park, to celebrate the new millennium and to feature world-renowned architects, artists, designers, landscape architects, and urban planners. Designed by Jaume Plensa and built by Krueck + Sexton Architects, Crown Fountain uses numerous design elements including water, light, and glass to create a unique meeting point and reflection space. Jaume Plensa, the Spanish sculptor responsible for Millennium Park's Crown Fountain, has a new gallery show, "Nocturne", at Gray Warehouse in Chicago, Tuesday, December 8, 2020. Galaxia Gutenberg - Circulo de Lectores, Barcelona 2008. The fountain is composed of a black granite reflecting pool placed between a pair of glass brick towers. Jaume Plensa. contemporary". The water is filtered, pumped and recirculated through the fountain. [30], To achieve the effect in which water appears to be flowing from subjects' mouths, each video has a segment where the subject's lips are puckered, which is then timed to correspond to the spouting water, reminiscent of gargoyle fountains. Finden Sie perfekte Stock-Fotos zum Thema Jaume Plensa Crown Fountain sowie redaktionelle Newsbilder von Getty Images. [20] The high-definition equipment was used because of the scale of the project. Opera and Theater Crown Fountain. Why build it? [29][35] The interactive participants are usually children playing in the stream from the water spout or under the cascade. The towers are an integral part of the skyline that have achieved rare permanence for contemporary art. Dual pump rooms below each tower draw water from a reservoir beneath the reflecting pool. [10] The risk that the spouting water would knock people down made the design both a legal and a physical challenge. [63] The city said the cameras, similar to those used throughout the city at high-crime areas and traffic intersections, were intended to remain on the towers for several months until permanent, less intrusive replacements were secured. [25][18] The video pattern also includes a three-minute water scene every half-hour and a 30-second fade-to-black every 15 minutes. 201 E. Randolph St., between Michigan Ave. and Columbus Ave. Chicago, IL 60602 . Plensa feels that by using faces, he can represent … [18] Because the image proportions were like a movie screen with a width far exceeding its height, the camera was turned on its side during filming. ... Crown Fountain, Jaume Plensa. [23] The fountain is known for encouraging its visitors to splash and slide in the reflecting pool, jostle for position under the water spout and place themselves under the cascade. Jodidio considers the work to be a modernization of the gargoyle theme, and feels that the scale of the enlarged faces humanize the work and challenges the architecture. [39] Getting the water to the spout took ingenuity. [18][31] About 20 SAIC students took part in what became an informal master's course in public art for the project. [37] Over the course of four months of production,[38] about 350 blocks were produced per day. The fountain's black granite reflecting pool measures 48 by 232 feet (15 by 71 m) and has an approximate water depth of 0.25 inches (6.4 mm). [25] A June 2007 article in the Chicago Sun-Times reported that many of the subjects who had their images digitized for the project had yet to either see their own images or hear of anyone who had seen them. Public Space It is a popular subject for photographers and a common gathering place. [2][33] The Goodman family, known for funding the Goodman Theatre, was also a large contributor;[3] the entire $17 million cost was provided by private donations. Hard drives contain all the individual electronic computer files of the face videos. Latest works of the artist. [31] Eventually, professors at the School of the Art Institute of Chicago convinced him to use only five-minute videos. At the time there were plans to replace LED lighting with incandescent bulbs on each of the non-video display surfaces and to replace the video surface LEDs. The finished work begins it own cycle, and just like another memory it becomes linked to the vaster memory, in which no chronology makes sense. [6][19] The installation is a video sculpture, commissioned to operate thirty years. [42] Color Kinetics (now part of Philips Solid-State Lighting Solutions, which is now called Philips Color Kinetics)[43] ColorBlast 12 LEDs fixtures are used to illuminate the tower structures and glass in an attempt to meet Plensa's objective that the towers have a light and translucent appearance, with their internal structures reflecting light from behind the glass surface. Awards [2][45] Crown Fountain's design not only included interior access for technical repairs, but also incorporated exemplary, non-discriminatory, barrier-free accessibility, because its interactivity is not limited to the able-bodied. Crown Fountain (2004), een sculptuur/video-installatie/fontein bestaande uit twee 15 meter hoge torens van glazen bouwstenen met led-videoschermen ... Zie de categorie Jaume Plensa van Wikimedia Commons voor mediabestanden over dit onderwerp. [3] At night, the ETC system controls spotlights that illuminate the cascading water and that are dimmed by special wet-use location ground fault circuit interrupters. La fontana è composta da uno specchio d'acqua in granito nero posto tra due torri in vetrocemento. [39] The pavers were rested on screw jack pedestals in order to be leveled and shimmed. However, the fountain has survived its contentious beginnings to find its way into Chicago pop culture. Plensa focused on the philosophical meanings associated with fountains, their history, use and art. [15], In December 1999, Lester Crown and his family agreed to sponsor a water feature in Millennium Park. The electronics were designed to be adaptable to the time of day, weather and season and to meet the desired century-long longevity and dependability objectives set by the design team in response to the thirty-year directive. Deze pagina is voor het laatst bewerkt op 19 jul 2020 om 17:21. [65] The Chicago Tribune quickly published an article concerning the cameras as well as the public reaction, and the cameras were removed the next day. Conçue et réalisée par l'artiste catalan Jaume Plensa, elle a … ; Many have yet to see their own images", "Big house on the prairie: TOC goes behind bars for a preview of Prison Break, an arresting TV drama serving time on location around Chicago", "Park is awash in art that raises ageless queries", "Amid Architectural Glories, Piles of Cheap Fun", "Millennium Park fountain puts its best faces forward—Subjects mug away as huge video sculpture goes for a dry run", "Philips to acquire Color Kinetics to strengthen leading position in Led lighting systems, components and technologies", "Millennium Park Grand Opening July 16–18; Weekend Long Celebration Features Free Events and Performances", "Unfinished, but engaging, public art—'Cloud Gate' and Crown Fountain intrigue", "Millennium Park extravaganza shows 'The Money' a good time", "Just a blast // The city's glitterati, some bubbly and unforgettable edibles—plus a to-die-for fireworks display—help make the Millennium Park party ...", "At its tenth anniversary, Crown Fountain remains a wellspring of questions", "Inside artist Jaume Plensa's giant Millennium Park sculptures", "Play In The Spray: Crown Fountain Reopens Mid-April", "Mayor gets what he wants—Council OKs move 33–16 despite opposition", "13–2 vote for museum—Decision on Grant Park sets up Council battle", "Artworks stand alone as cameras lose perch", "Now the Giant Faces Really are Watching", "Sparking the imagination Various types of fountains attract - curious visitors to Riverwalk", "Letter from Chicago; A Prized Project, a Mayor and Persistent Criticism", "How a steel bean gave Chicago fresh pride", "Spanish Artist's Chicago Fountain Wins the Bombay Sapphire Prize 2006", Photos of controversial surveillance cameras in initial critical, 1968 Democratic National Convention protests, Barack Obama election victory speech (2008), Cool Globes: Hot Ideas for a Cooler Planet, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crown_Fountain&oldid=1022219780, Buildings and structures celebrating the third millennium, Buildings and structures completed in 2004, Articles with dead external links from December 2016, Articles with permanently dead external links, Articles with dead external links from January 2017, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2014, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 9 May 2021, at 06:45. [8] Because of the colder winters common to the climate of Chicago, Plensa created a fountain that would remain vibrant when the water was inactive in the wintertime, so the fountain is an experience of light themes and the use of video technology. Monographic Catalogs [3] Also at night, the other three sides of the fountain display changing colors. Shen, Milson & Wilke, screen technology, School of the Art Institute of Chicago, image content production, W.E. However, Crown Fountain and Jay Pritzker Pavilion, which stands 139 feet (42 m) tall, were exempt from the height restriction because they were classified as works of art and not buildings or structures. What is a fountain? [31] Originally, Plensa had planned to have each face appear for 13 minutes,[18] and this continued to be the targeted duration when the testing of the sculpture occurred. Rods measuring 0.5 inches (13 mm) in diameter anchor to the structure and project into the frame for lateral stability, while triangular corner brackets add support. [16], The Crowns were open-minded about the choice of artist; wanting a modern work, they solicited proposals from a list of prospective artists and architects. [24] Plensa feels that by using faces, he can represent the diversity of the city both in ethnicity and in age. [10], Grant Park, which is between Lake Michigan and the central business district, is commonly called "Chicago's Front Yard". (mit Texten von Keith Patrick und Illustrationen von Keneth Tanaka.) Books Both the playback equipment and the final videos had to be further adjusted to account for sunlight during viewing. [39] The pavers had to be perfectly leveled for the water to work correctly because the fountain incorporates numerous sensors to regulate the flow and level of the water. Purchased through a $52 million Department of Homeland Security grant to the Chicago area, the cameras were part of a surveillance system augmenting eight other cameras covering all of Millennium Park. [3] As a video sculpture with a variety of cascade and water spout fountain modes, the sculpture is a fluid, dynamic evolving artwork. [38] Each tower is composed of 44 grids stacked and welded. [48][49], The control center for the synchronization of images, water flow, and lighting color and intensity is beneath one of the towers, in a room that covers 550 square feet (51 m2). Choisissez parmi des contenus premium Jaume Plensa Crown Fountain de la plus haute qualité. [34] Collaboration between the artist, architectural team, and consultants proved to be crucial to the success of the project. This design allows for the removal of individual glass blocks for cleaning or repair without disruption to the display. Videos, Sculpture The latter very much exemplified by the ongoing dialogue between the faces of the 1000 Chicago residents displayed on the facing LED screens within the towers, The faces intermittently emerge from the flow of water and become for a few moments a kind of contemporary interpretation of a "gargoyle" by spouting water from their mouths. [1][2] The fountain is composed of a black granite reflecting pool placed between a pair of glass brick towers. [35], LEDs were chosen because they were viewed as the lowest maintenance option of the possible color changing fixtures. The fountain is a public play area and offers people an escape from summer heat, allowing children to frolic in the fountain's water. The glass is white glass, rather than the usual green glass that results from iron impurities. The challenge was solved by combining a T-bar grid to absorb weight with about 150 "outriggers", or "tiebacks", inserted through the video wall to support the glass blocks and absorb wind loads. Press PDF. As a result, no more than 12 faces appear per hour during the summer. [62], In November 2006, Crown Fountain became the focus of a public controversy when the city added surveillance cameras atop each tower. Jaume Plensa. Perceptibility was determined to be optimal with LED lights 2 inches (51 mm) behind the glass. [31] The initial proposed cost for the fountain had been $15 million. What's most interesting about this work is that it's about the diversity of culture in Chicago and symbolizes the unity of this city. The two glass towers of the fountain may be the first indication that dualities, elements engaged in a constantly evolving dialogue, are at the heart of experience Plensa seeks to create. [25] Originally, the set of images was presumed to be the beginning of a work in progress, but as of 2009 no additional videos are planned. One Chicago Tribune critic was not impressed with JumboTron-like art, although he conceded the participatory element reminded him in a positive way of the jungle gym element of the Chicago Picasso. Even the benches that face each other from opposite sides of the fountain exist in order to further underline the concepts of communication and duality and their material, wood, helps to express the idea of the integral connection between nature and man through the subtlety of touch when people are seated. [52], The front face of each tower is animated with a continuous, dynamic exhibit of lights and electronic images. Generally, the computer programs automatically perform tasks such as determining when the face will pucker and, if weather conditions permit, when to turn the water on and off. Crown Fountain has been one of the most controversial of all the Millennium Park features. [1][32] Each face is cropped so that no hair and usually no ears are visible. [25], The spouting water from the faces of the towers appears to be flowing from the displayed subject's mouth from a 6-inch (150 mm) nozzle located in the center of each interior face 12 feet (3.7 m) above the reflecting pool. [29] Now, when the National Weather Service issues summer heat advisories and the Governor of Illinois declares state office buildings as official daytime cooling centers, the national press points to Crown Fountain as a respite for inhabitants of the Chicago metropolitan area. [64], In 2014, the hardware and software behind the fountain's operation were replaced. [35], After several dozen glass manufacturing firms were interviewed, L. E. Smith Glass Company emerged as the company to produce 22,500 glass blocks near the upper limit of the size of press glass formed from hand-poured molten glass and cast iron molds. Sombras y textos. However, during the winter a version without the final one minute of puckering is shown, so the video segments then are only four minutes each. [26], Plensa feels that the challenge in the creation of successful work of public art is to integrate the viewer into an interactive relationship with the art. The Barcelona artist Jaume Plensa is best-known for his spectacular Crown Fountain in Millennium Park, Chicago. Trouvez les Jaume Plensa Crown Fountain images et les photos d’actualités parfaites sur Getty Images. The fountain consists of two 50-foot glass block towers at each end of a shallow reflecting pool. This has the tradeoff of increased image clarity, but greater dirt visibility. [18], The Crown family, for whom the fountain is named, donated $10 million of the $17 million construction and design cost. [5][6][7] It highlights Plensa's themes of dualism, light, and water, extending the use of video technology from his prior works. Time is the substance of my work. At night, some of the videos are replaced by images of nature or solid colors. The filtered air inside the towers helps minimize the need for cleaning. As in nature, in this fountain water falls down, but does not shoot up and the sound of water falling is magnetic. [23] Since water is the focus of a fountain, and since Chicago, and especially Millennium Park, is so greatly affected by the nearby waterfront, Plensa sought to create an eternal water work to complement the local natural inspirations. [19] In January 2000, Plensa won the commission to design the fountain over Lin and Venturi. Projects in public space O'Neil, general contractor. Literatur [54] When the videos are not on the front of the tower, water cascades down each of the facades. Its location juxtaposed with the Historic Michigan Boulevard District's skywall highlights these aspects. [6] The New York Times calls the fountain an "extraordinary art object". [2][35], The structure for the blocks was a challenge. On each block, one of the six faces is polished, and the other five surfaces are textured. Designed by Spanish artist Jaume Plensa and executed by Krueck and Sexton Architects, it opened in July 2004. Construction and design … [3], The 9,423-square-foot (875.4 m2) pool used 3 by 3 feet (0.91 by 0.91 m) pavers that weigh 250 pounds (110 kg). [10], Approximately 75 ethnic, social, and religious Chicago organizations were asked to provide candidates whose faces would be photographed for integration into the fountain. [51] Typically, the fountain's water features function between mid-spring and mid-fall, but the images remain on the screen year-round. Conçue et réalisée par l'artiste catalan Jaume Plensa, elle a été inaugurée en juillet 2004 . At its tenth anniversary, Crown Fountain remains a wellspring of questions The only certainty in the future of artist Jaume Plensa's iconic Millennium Park fountain is change. [16] Jaume Plensa researched the traditions and history of fountains and studied anthropomorphism in fountain imagery. Instead, one tile in each tower is recessed about 6 inches (150 mm) to allow the installation of 1 inch (25 mm) clear tubing for the water nozzle. Jaume Plensa est un sculpteur et graveur contemporain espagnol de The two fifty-foot-high illuminated glass towers of Plensa's monumental Crown Fountain are united by a black granite skin pool measuring 232 feet long by 48 feet wide but only 1/8 inch deep.
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