Fats Domino's "Blue Monday," produced by Bartholomew, is another example of this now classic use of tresillo in R&B. After WWII, blues had a substantial influence on jazz. [109] [21], Depending on the religious community a musician belonged to, it was more or less considered a sin to play this low-down music: blues was the devil's music. [114] The Rolling Stones covered Bobby Womack & the Valentinos'[117] song It's All Over Now", giving them their first UK number one in 1964. In the early 1950s, it was frequently applied to blues records. Boogie-woogie was another important style of 1930s and early 1940s urban blues. R&B lyrical themes often encapsulate the African-American experience of pain and the quest for freedom and joy,[3] as well as triumphs and failures in terms of relationships, economics, and aspirations. Contemporary blues music is nurtured by several blues labels such as: Alligator Records, Ruf Records, Severn Records, Chess Records (MCA), Delmark Records, NorthernBlues Music, Fat Possum Records and Vanguard Records (Artemis Records). [108] However; since 2010 Hip-Hop has started to take from the R&B sound choosing to adopt a softer smoother sound incorporating that of traditional R&B with rappers such as Drake who has opened an entire new door for the genre. … [30] Jazz pioneer Jelly Roll Morton considered the tresillo/habanera rhythm (which he called the Spanish tinge) to be an essential ingredient of jazz. This marketing strategy reinforced trends in urban blues music such as the use of electric instruments and amplification and the generalization of the blues beat, the blues shuffle, which became ubiquitous in rhythm and blues (R&B). Kunzler, Martin (1988). [33] Tresillo is the most basic duple-pulse rhythmic cell in Sub-Saharan African music traditions, and its use in African American music is one of the clearest examples of African rhythmic retention in the United States. R&B started to become homogenized, with a group of high-profile producers responsible for most R&B hits. Handy was the first to popularize blues-influenced music among non-black Americans. [37] The first noncommercial recordings of blues music, termed proto-blues by Paul Oliver, were made by Odum for research purposes at the very beginning of the 20th century. [20] However, the Christian influence was far more obvious. Some labels are famous for rediscovering and remastering blues rarities, including Arhoolie Records, Smithsonian Folkways Recordings (heir of Folkways Records), and Yazoo Records (Shanachie Records).[119]. The term "rhythm and blues" has undergone a number of shifts in meaning. The blues form, ubiquitous in jazz, rhythm and blues and rock and roll, is characterized by the call-and-response pattern, the blues scale and specific chord progressions, of which t… His style of music was not exactly rockabilly but it has been often called real rock and roll (this is a label he shares with several African American rock and roll performers).[126][127]. "[81], Urban male performers included popular black musicians of the era, such as Tampa Red, Big Bill Broonzy and Leroy Carr. The simple but expressive forms of the blues became by the 1960s one of the most important influences on the development of popular music throughout the United States. Afrički blues - Atlanta blues - Britsnski blues - Kanadski blues - Chicago blues - Detroit blues - East Coast blues - Kansas City blues - Louisiana blues - Memphis blues - New Orleans blues - Piedmont blues - St. Louis blues - Swamp blues - Texas blues - West Coast blues [34] This music is poorly documented, partly because of racial discrimination in U.S. society, including academic circles,[35] and partly because of the low rate of literacy among rural African Americans at the time. Other hits include: "Gee Baby", "Mambo Boogie" and "All Nite Long". Bebop marked a major shift in the role of jazz, from a popular style of music for dancing, to a "high-art", less-accessible, cerebral "musician's music". [103][104] In 1969 black culture and rhythm and blues reached another great achievement when the Grammys first added the Rhythm and Blues category, giving academic recognition to the category. They come from different eras and include styles such as ragtime-vaudeville, Delta and country blues, and urban styles from Chicago and the West Coast. Kevin Moore: "There are two common ways that the three-side [of clave] is expressed in Cuban popular music. The first to come into regular use, which David Peñalosa calls 'clave motif,' is based on the decorated version of the three-side of the clave rhythm. Other harp players such as Big Walter Horton were also influential. Liste des titres. The blues form, ubiquitous in jazz, rhythm and blues and rock and roll, is characterized by the call-and-response pattern, the blues scale and specific chord progressions, of which the twelve-bar blues is the most common. One publication of the Smithsonian Institute provided this summary of the origins of the genre in 2016. Stewart, Alexander (2000: 298). The music of the civil rights movement[108] and Free Speech Movement in the U.S. prompted a resurgence of interest in American roots music and early African American music. Rhumboogie, it's Harlem's new creation with the Cuban syncopation, it's the killer! 495 in Blues (Musik-CDs & Vinyl) Nr. These included Geno Washington, an American singer stationed in England with the Air Force. Boogie-Woogie style was characterized by a regular bass figure, an ostinato or riff and shifts of level in the left hand, elaborating each chord and trills and decorations in the right hand. It was started by former African slaves from spirituals, praise songs, and chants. Gerhard Kubik notes that with the exception of New Orleans, early blues lacked complex polyrhythms, and there was a "very specific absence of asymmetric time-line patterns (key patterns) in virtually all early-twentieth-century African American music ... only in some New Orleans genres does a hint of simple time line patterns occasionally appear in the form of transient so-called 'stomp' patterns or stop-time chorus. Sublette, Ned (2007 p. 83). [9][10] The term "rhythm and blues" was used by Billboard in its chart listings from June 1949 until August 1969, when its "Hot Rhythm & Blues Singles" chart was renamed as "Best Selling Soul Singles". Before World War II, the boundaries between blues and jazz were less clear. [27] Blues seven chords add to the harmonic chord a note with a frequency in a 7:4 ratio to the fundamental note. Gordon's successor at the library was John Lomax. For the more than a quarter-century in which the cakewalk, ragtime and proto-jazz were forming and developing, the Cuban genre habanera exerted a constant presence in African American popular music. New Orleans musicians such as Bartholomew and Longhair incorporated Cuban instruments, as well as the clave pattern and related two-celled figures in songs such as "Carnival Day," (Bartholomew 1949) and "Mardi Gras In New Orleans" (Longhair 1949). [108] Many compilations of classic prewar blues were republished by the Yazoo Records. The term Blues may have come from "blue devils", meaning melancholy and sadness; an early use of the term in this sense is in George Colman's one-act farce Blue Devils (1798). Kunzler's dictionary of jazz provides two separate entries: "blues", and the "blues form", a widespread musical form (p. 131). "[47], Johnny Otis released the R&B mambo "Mambo Boogie" in January 1951, featuring congas, maracas, claves, and mambo saxophone guajeos in a blues progression. Blues became a code word for a record designed to sell to black listeners. The first extensive research in the field was performed by Howard W. Odum, who published an anthology of folk songs from Lafayette County, Mississippi, and Newton County, Georgia, between 1905 and 1908. Blues performances were organized by the Theater Owners Bookers Association in nightclubs such as the Cotton Club and juke joints such as the bars along Beale Street in Memphis. Although the audience was largely jolted by the performance, the performance influenced local musicians such as Alexis Korner and Cyril Davies to emulate this louder style, inspiring the British invasion of the Rolling Stones and the Yardbirds.[98]. "[41] In the late 1940s, this changed somewhat when the two-celled time line structure was brought into the blues. [21][22] Lawrence Cohn described the music as "grittier than his boogie-era jazz-tinged blues". In 1986 the album Strong Persuader announced Robert Cray as a major blues artist. Morales attributed this claim to. The style of British blues developed in the UK, when bands such as the Animals, Fleetwood Mac, John Mayall & the Bluesbreakers, the Rolling Stones, the Yardbirds, the supergroup Cream and the Irish musician Rory Gallagher performed classic blues songs from the Delta or Chicago blues traditions. [38], Other recordings that are still available were made in 1924 by Lawrence Gellert. In a related development, the underlying rhythms of American popular music underwent a basic, yet the generally unacknowledged transition from triplet or shuffle feel to even or straight eighth notes. [107] Produktbeschreibungen Kurzbeschreibung. Slavery in the colonial history of the United States, Historically black colleges and universities, Joint Center for Political and Economic Studies, National Black Caucus of State Legislators, Race and ethnicity in the United States Census, resurgence of interest in American roots music and early African American music, "BBC – GCSE Bitesize: Origins of the blues", Devi, Debra (2013). Many elements, such as the call-and-response format and the use of blue notes, can be traced back to the music of Africa. Filmmakers took advantage of the popularity of "rhythm and blues" musicians as "rock n roll" musicians beginning in 1956. By the time people began to talk about rock and roll as having a history, Cuban music had vanished from North American consciousness. Alan Freed, who had moved to the much larger market of New York City in 1954, helped the record become popular with white teenagers. "Johnny Otis R&B/Mambo Pioneer", Stewart, Alexander (2000 p. 307). [63][64], Though musicologists can now attempt to define the blues narrowly in terms of certain chord structures and lyric forms thought to have originated in West Africa, audiences originally heard the music in a far more general way: it was simply the music of the rural south, notably the Mississippi Delta. Waters, unsuspecting of his audience's tendency towards skiffle, an acoustic, softer brand of blues, turned up his amp and started to play his Chicago brand of electric blues. White audiences' interest in the blues during the 1960s increased due to the Chicago-based Paul Butterfield Blues Band featuring guitarist Michael Bloomfield, and the British blues movement. And I can't get no hearing from that Memphis girl of mine, Although the blues gained an association with misery and oppression, the lyrics could also be humorous and raunchy:[16], Rebecca, Rebecca, get your big legs off of me, Als Blue Notes oder Bluestöne bezeichnet man Töne, die in besonderem Maß den Bluescharakter von Melodien prägen. Another development in this period was big band blues. The Billboard Blues Album chart provides an overview of current blues hits. The (Mississippi) Delta blues was a rootsy sparse style with passionate vocals accompanied by slide guitar. In 1957, he said: "What they call rock 'n' roll now is rhythm and blues. Singers such as Blind Willie McTell and Blind Boy Fuller performed in the southeastern "delicate and lyrical" Piedmont blues tradition, which used an elaborate ragtime-based fingerpicking guitar technique. Regional styles of country blues varied widely in the early 20th century. [95][96] By the early 1960s, the music industry category previously known as rhythm and blues was being called soul music, and similar music by white artists was labeled blue eyed soul. White performers such as the Beatles had brought African-American music to new audiences, both within the U.S. and abroad. There was also increasing emphasis on the electric guitar as a lead instrument, as well as the piano and saxophone. [62], The musical forms and styles that are now considered the blues as well as modern country music arose in the same regions of the southern United States during the 19th century. Freed began referring to the rhythm and blues music he played as "rock and roll". [18], The great migration of Black Americans to the urban industrial centers of Chicago, Detroit, New York City, Los Angeles and elsewhere in the 1920s and 1930s created a new market for jazz, blues, and related genres of music. During the first decades of the 20th century blues music was not clearly defined in terms of a particular chord progression. While the style is often associated with solo piano, boogie-woogie was also used to accompany singers and, as a solo part, in bands and small combos. Le terme est originellement utilisé par les compagnies de disque pour décrire des albums ciblant uniquement la … The early African American rock musicians retained the sexual themes and innuendos of blues music: "Got a gal named Sue, knows just what to do" ("Tutti Frutti", Little Richard) or "See the girl with the red dress on, She can do the Birdland all night long" ("What'd I Say", Ray Charles). The origins of spirituals go back much further than the blues, usually dating back to the middle of the 18th century, when the slaves were Christianized and began to sing and play Christian hymns, in particular those of Isaac Watts, which were very popular. At the time, there was no clear musical division between "blues" and "country", except for the ethnicity of the performer, and even that was sometimes documented incorrectly by record companies. John Lee Hooker's blues is more "personal", based on Hooker's deep rough voice accompanied by a single electric guitar. Handy's "The Memphis Blues" followed in the same year. 1998 brought a sequel, Blues Brothers 2000 that, while not holding as great a critical and financial success, featured a much larger number of blues artists, such as B.B. page 30. [41] All these sources show the existence of many different structures distinct from twelve-, eight-, or sixteen-bar. The first Stevie Ray Vaughan recording Texas Flood was released in 1983, and the Texas-based guitarist exploded onto the international stage. 188, 210, 212–214 Hyperion Press. Die Septime als Blue … It uses saxophone or other brass instruments and the guitar in the rhythm section to create a jazzy, up-tempo sound with declamatory vocals. '"[33] Hart Wand's "Dallas Blues" was published in 1912; W.C. These songs came from the area near the mouth of the Mississippi River. They took a little rhumba rhythm and added boogie-woogie and now look what they got! Boggs, Vernon (1993 pp. Musicians were therefore segregated into two categories: gospel singers and blues singers, guitar preachers and songsters. Spirituals or religious chants in the African-American community are much better documented than the "low-down" blues. Early blues frequently took the form of a loose narrative. Blues rock is a fusion music genre that combines elements of blues and rock music. During the early 1950s, the dominating Chicago labels were challenged by Sam Phillips' Sun Records company in Memphis, which recorded B. In 1953, the R&B record-buying public made Willie Mae Thornton's original recording of Leiber and Stoller's "Hound Dog"[68] the number three hit that year. As well festivals such as the Newport Folk Festival[109] brought traditional blues to a new audience, which helped to revive interest in prewar acoustic blues and performers such as Son House, Mississippi John Hurt, Skip James, and Reverend Gary Davis. Der Blues ist kein Klagelied, sondern eine poetisch-musikalische Form des Ausdrucks sozialer Erfahrungen im [5] By the 1800s in the United States, the term blues was associated with drinking alcohol, a meaning which survives in the phrase blue law, which prohibits the sale of alcohol on Sunday. In fact, if you can't manage to put tinges of Spanish in your tunes, you will never be able to get the right seasoning, I call it, for jazz. Dorsey helped to popularize Gospel music. [78] The resulting "Maybellene" was not only a number three hit on the R&B charts in 1955, but also reached into the top 30 on the pop charts. Writer and producer Robert Palmer defined rhythm & blues as "a catchall term referring to any music that was made by and for black Americans". Spiritual singing developed because African-American communities could gather for mass or worship gatherings, which were called camp meetings. [30] The simplest shuffles, which were the clearest signature of the R&B wave that started in the mid-1940s,[31] were a three-note riff on the bass strings of the guitar. B. Lenoir from the Chicago blues movement in the 1950s recorded several LPs using acoustic guitar, sometimes accompanied by Willie Dixon on the acoustic bass or drums. [34] The use of tresillo was continuously reinforced by the consecutive waves of Cuban music, which were adopted into North American popular culture. Little Walter, Sonny Boy Williamson (Rice Miller) and Sonny Terry are well known harmonica (called "harp" by blues musicians) players of the early Chicago blues scene. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Blues. [102], By the late 1950s, the swamp blues genre developed near Baton Rouge, with performers such as Lightnin' Slim,[103] Slim Harpo,[104] Sam Myers and Jerry McCain around the producer J. D. "Jay" Miller and the Excello label. Then throw your body back and ride. [111] Through these artists and others, blues music influenced the development of rock music. While singers are emotionally engaged with the lyrics, often intensely so, they remain cool, relaxed, and in control. [46] Concerning the various funk motifs, Stewart states that this model "... is different from a time line (such as clave and tresillo) in that it is not an exact pattern, but more of a loose organizing principle. A lot of the 1970s-era "outlaw" country music by Willie Nelson and Waylon Jennings also borrowed from the blues. Gershwin's second "Prelude" for solo piano is an interesting example of a classical blues, maintaining the form with academic strictness. [17], The term "rock and roll" had a strong sexual connotation in jump blues and R&B, but when DJ Alan Freed referred to rock and roll on mainstream radio in the mid 50s, "the sexual component had been dialled down enough that it simply became an acceptable term for dancing". On 'Country Boy' I had my bass and drums playing a straight swing rhythm and wrote out that 'rumba' bass part for the saxes to play on top of the swing rhythm. The lyrical content became slightly simpler in postwar blues, which tended to focus on relationship woes or sexual worries. "[52] Johnny Otis' "Willie and the Hand Jive" (1958) is another example of this successful blend of 3–2 claves and R&B. [124][125], The blues' 12-bar structure and the blues scale was a major influence on rock and roll music. Several scholars characterize the development of blues music in the early 1900s as a move from group performance to individualized performance. Moore (2011). Alexander Stewart states that the popular feel was passed along from "New Orleans—through James Brown's music, to the popular music of the 1970s," adding: "The singular style of rhythm & blues that emerged from New Orleans in the years after World War II played an important role in the development of funk. The use of the harmonic seventh interval is characteristic of blues and is popularly called the "blues seven". Already Paul Gayten, Roy Brown, and others had had hits in the style now referred to as rhythm and blues. Newer artists such as Usher, R. Kelly, Janet Jackson, TLC, Aaliyah, Destiny's Child, Tevin Campbell and Mary J. Blige, enjoyed success. While some of these early experiments were awkward fusions, the Afro-Cuban elements were eventually integrated fully into the New Orleans sound. [66], Ruth Brown on the Atlantic label, placed hits in the top five every year from 1951 through 1954: "Teardrops from My Eyes", "Five, Ten, Fifteen Hours", "(Mama) He Treats Your Daughter Mean" and "What a Dream". "Rhythm and blues-influenced by Afro-Cuban music first surfaced in New Orleans." Charles Peabody mentioned the appearance of blues music at Clarksdale, Mississippi, and Gate Thomas reported similar songs in southern Texas around 1901–1902. Bartholomew referred to the Cuban son by the misnomer rumba, a common practice of that time. [123] The British R&B bands produced music which was very different in tone from that of African-American artists, often with more emphasis on guitars and sometimes also with greater energy. [46], According to Lawrence Levine, "there was a direct relationship between the national ideological emphasis upon the individual, the popularity of Booker T. Washington's teachings, and the rise of the blues." Tennessee-born Bobby "Blue" Bland, like B. Category:Blues music. The blues evolved from informal performances in bars to entertainment in theaters. His album Alabama Blues contained a song with the following lyric: I never will go back to Alabama, that is not the place for me (2x) Its influence on popular singing has been so widespread that, at least among males, singing and emoting have become almost identical—it is a matter of projection rather than hitting the notes.". [59] However, in the 1920s, when country blues began to be recorded, the use of the banjo in blues music was quite marginal and limited to individuals such as Papa Charlie Jackson and later Gus Cannon. However, when rural black music began to be recorded in the 1920s, both categories of musicians used similar techniques: call-and-response patterns, blue notes, and slide guitars. When this riff was played over the bass and the drums, the groove "feel" was created. [129] In the early 20th century, the blues was considered disreputable, especially as white audiences began listening to the blues during the 1920s. [114], The Rolling Stones became the second most popular UK band (after The Beatles)[116] and led the "British Invasion" of the US pop charts. In several of his early recordings, Professor Longhair blended Afro-Cuban rhythms with rhythm and blues. Often termed "soul blues" or "Southern soul", the music at the heart of this movement was given new life by the unexpected success of two particular recordings on the Jackson-based Malaco label:[114] Z. The other sources quoted in the article said that rock and roll combined R&B with pop and country music. They are labeled by Roman numbers referring to the degrees of the progression. Musically, spirituals were a descendant of New England choral traditions, and in particular of Isaac Watts's hymns, mixed with African rhythms and call-and-response forms. One blues rock performer, Jimi Hendrix, was a rarity in his field at the time: a black man who played psychedelic rock. It is mostly an electric ensemble-style music with instrumentation similar to electric blues and rock: electric guitar, electric bass guitar, and drums, sometimes with keyboards and harmonica. King and Howlin' Wolf before he moved to Chicago in 1960. The precursors of rhythm and blues came from jazz and blues, which overlapped in the late-1920s and 1930s through the work of musicians such as the Harlem Hamfats, with their 1936 hit "Oh Red", as well as Lonnie Johnson, Leroy Carr, Cab Calloway, Count Basie, and T-Bone Walker. These do not function in the same way as African timelines. Handy wrote that he adopted this convention to avoid the monotony of lines repeated three times. Steinberg, Jesse R.; Fairweather, Abrol (eds.) Blues musical styles, forms (12-bar blues), melodies, and the blues scale have influenced many other genres of music, such as rock and roll, jazz, and popular music. Rock music combines many kinds of music from the United States, such as country music, folk music, gospel music, work, blues and jazz.. Rock and roll developed in the early 1950s from a kind of music called rhythm and blues performed by black singers and musicians.At first, this music was popular only with African-Americans. [80], Fats Domino was not convinced that there was any new genre. This page was last edited on 3 May 2021, at 18:17. Buchana, Ms. Jody, Shirley Brown, and dozens of others. Sous-genres RnB contemporain, smooth jazz, neo soul Genres dérivés Funk, ska, soul, rock 'n' roll, reggae, disco, beat, rock psychédélique, garage rock, pub rock, mod revival modifier Le rhythm and blues, ou R&B, est un genre de musique populaire afro-américaine ayant émergé dans les années 1940. "Gradually, instrumental and harmonic accompaniment were added, reflecting increasing cross-cultural contact." ", "The Evolution of the 12-Bar Blues Progression", "A Jazz Improvisation Almanac, Outside Shore Music Online School". [15] Lawrence Cohn, author of Nothing but the Blues, writes that "rhythm and blues" was an umbrella term invented for industry convenience. The blues scale is ubiquitous in modern popular music and informs many modal frames, especially the ladder of thirds used in rock music (for example, in "A Hard Day's Night"). [citation needed] Ninety percent of his record sales were from black people, and his "Smokie, Part 2" (1959) rose to the number one position on black music charts. Strongly influenced by Jimmy Reed, swamp blues has a slower pace and a simpler use of the harmonica than the Chicago blues style performers such as Little Walter or Muddy Waters. That blue notes predate their use in blues and have an African origin is attested to by "A Negro Love Song", by the English composer Samuel Coleridge-Taylor, from his African Suite for Piano, written in 1898, which contains blue third and seventh notes. [83] Some of the performers completing the bill were Chuck Berry, Cathy Carr, Shirley & Lee, Della Reese, Sam "T-Bird" Jensen, the Cleftones, and the Spaniels with Illinois Jacquet's Big Rockin' Rhythm Band. Sie sangen Lieder auf dem Feld, um die eintönige und harte Arbeit bes… by Carl Perkins and David McGee 1996 pp. King introduced a sophisticated style of guitar soloing based on fluid string bending and shimmering vibrato that influenced many later electric blues guitarists. [79], R&B was also a strong influence on Rock and roll according to many sources, including an article in the Wall Street Journal in 1985 titled, "Rock! The band formed also began a successful tour under the Blues Brothers marquee. Lyrics often seemed fatalistic, and the music typically followed predictable patterns of chords and structure.[16]. The blues was highlighted in Season 2012, Episode 1 of "In Performance at The White House", entitled "Red, White and Blues". [99] The "West Side sound" had strong rhythmic support from a rhythm guitar, bass guitar and drums and as perfected by Guy, Freddie King, Magic Slim and Luther Allison was dominated by amplified electric lead guitar. Kentucky-born Sylvester Weaver was in 1923 the first to record the slide guitar style, in which a guitar is fretted with a knife blade or the sawed-off neck of a bottle. Eric Weisbard. By the end of the 1970s, the term "rhythm and blues" had changed again and was used as a blanket term for soul and funk. Jump to navigation Jump to search. King, Buddy Guy, Gary Clark Jr., Jeff Beck, Derek Trucks, Keb Mo, and others. Er war einer der ersten Blues-Songs, der als Pop-Song Erfolg hatte. The blues is a form of music that started in the United States during the start of the 20th century. Welding, Peter; Brown, Toby, eds. [122] Gospel music developed in the 1930s, with the Golden Gate Quartet. Bluesmen such as Big Bill Broonzy and Willie Dixon started looking for new markets in Europe. He was invited to join what became Geno Washington & the Ram Jam Band by guitarist Pete Gage in 1965 and enjoyed top 40 hit singles and two top 10 albums before the band split up in 1969. [7][8] It replaced the term "race music", which originally came from within the black community, but was deemed offensive in the postwar world. Musikken var stærkt påvirket af slavernes dårlige sociale og arbejdsmæssige forhold. [94], Sam Cooke's number five hit "Chain Gang" is indicative of R&B in 1960, as is pop rocker Chubby Checker's number five hit "The Twist". After World War II, new styles of electric blues became popular in cities such as Chicago,[87] Memphis,[88] Detroit[89][90] and St. Louis. While popular musicians like Bo Diddley[89] and Chuck Berry,[95] both recording for Chess, were influenced by the Chicago blues, their enthusiastic playing styles departed from the melancholy aspects of blues. Jump blues grew up from the boogie woogie wave and was strongly influenced by big band music. [9] Well into the 21st century, the term R&B continues in use (in some contexts) to categorize music made by black musicians, as distinct from styles of music made by other musicians. The bassist and prolific songwriter and composer Willie Dixon played a major role on the Chicago blues scene. [citation needed] In Columbia the concert ended with a near riot as Perkins began his first song as the closing act. [71], Fats Domino made the top 30 of the pop charts in 1952 and 1953, then the top 10 with "Ain't That a Shame". Since the 1980s there has been a resurgence of interest in the blues among a certain part of the African-American population, particularly around Jackson, Mississippi and other deep South regions.
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