Militant activities. "Egyptian Islamic Jihad" A profile of the radical Egyptian group Islamic Jihad from the International Policy Institute for Counter-Terrorism. In April 2009, Egypt said it had uncovered a Hezbollah plot to attack tourist sites in the Sinai, causing tension with the Shia group from Lebanon. [4], After the 1948 victory of the Jewish state of Israel over Muslim Arab armies the group is believed to have set fire to homes of Jews in Cairo in June 1948 in retaliation. Egyptian Islamic Jihad (EIJ) emerged in the 1970s intent on replacing the Egyptian government with an Islamic state. The al-Zawahiri faction subsequently formed an alliance with Al-Qaeda leading over time to the effective merger of the two groups operations inside Afghanistan. [54]) One of the attackers, 21-year-old student Mohammed Hassan Mohammed Mahfouz, was killed by the security personnel. A profile of Egyptian Islamic Jihad, a militant Islamist group that is fully merged with al-Qaeda. [21], al-Jihad (EIJ) had a blind-cell structure, meaning members in one group did not know the identities or activities of those in another so that if one member were captured they would not be able to endanger the whole organization. Among those killed were 11 Britons, two Germans, one Czech, six Italians, one Israeli, and one American. After the death of President Sadat, the movement was banned, but in 1987 Mahmud Sayyed Jaballah was accused of having reconstituted it and was sentenced to prison. On a website the group stated that "holy warriors targeted the Ghazala Gardens hotel and the Old Market in Sharm el-Sheikh" and claimed it has ties to Al-Qaeda. The Lavon Affair, so named because Israeli Defense Minister Pinhas Lavon was later implicated and forced to resign, was a false flag operation with evidence planted at the bomb sites implicating the Muslim Brotherhood.[8]. al-Zawahiri convened a Sharia court, where Musab confessed he had been given explosives by the Egyptians which he was told to detonate at the next Shura council meeting. In October 1990, Egyptian Islamic Jihad attempted to assassinate Egyptian Interior Minister Abdel Halim Moussa, but ended up killing parliamentary Speaker Rifaat el-Mahgoub. The EIJ has suffered setbacks as a result of numerous arrests of operatives worldwide, most recently in Lebanon and Yemen. Pictures are circulating on the internet showing internally caused ruptures. Particularly keenly sought was Muhammad Yassin, the teenage brother of Ehab Yousri Yassin, whom the police described as the only remaining suspect in the bazaar bomb attack and a material witness to the shooting. Many attacks have been linked to Islamic extremism, and terrorism increased in the 1990s when the Islamist movement al-Gama'a al-Islamiyya targeted high-level political leaders and killed hundreds - including civilians - in its pursuit of implementing traditional Sharia law in Egypt. [49], On 20 July 2014, at least 21 Egyptian soldiers were killed, and 4 injured in the Al-Wadi Al-Gedid attack when armed gunmen attacked a border checkpoint in the New Valley Governorate .[50]. The violent Islamic insurgency during the 1990s targeted police and government officials but also civilians including tourists. Many countries race to upgrade airport security measures over fears that ISIL plans more such attacks.[51]. Additional claims were later made by two other groups calling themselves the "Tawhid and Jihad Group in Egypt" and "Holy Warriors of Egypt". Egyptian security officials have stated that the attacks were the work of an Islamic terror organisation called Jama'at al-Tawhīd wal-Jihad (Monotheism and Jihad). This Egyptian Islamic extremist group merged with Usama Bin Ladin’s al-Qaida organization in June 2001. The Egyptian Islamic Jihad (EIJ), often known as al-Jihad or the Jihad group, was a Jihadi, Salafi militant organization founded in Egypt in 1979 by Muhammad 'Abd al-Salam Farraj. [47] British intelligence revealed that Muhammad Abd al-Hadi, leader of Jundullah, recruited Abdul Rahman Ahmed Ali who was told to park the car, which would be exploded by remote control. Since 2013 transition, more than 500 persons were killed in a new wave of terrorism. Following the 2013 Egyptian coup d'état, which resulted in the ousting of Mohamed Morsi, "unprecedented clashes" have occurred. Antonyms for Egyptian Islamic Jihad. I did not oppose this on the grounds that Jihad is forbidden or wrong. In October 1990, Egyptian Islamic Jihad attempted to assassinate Egyptian Interior Minister Abdel Halim Moussa, but ended up killing parliamentary Speaker Rifaat el-Mahgoub. "The Muslim community has been extinct for a few centuries, having fallen back into a state of pagan ignorance" known as jahiliyyah because of the failure of the world Muslim community to obey Shariah law. [citation needed], Although Ayman al-Zawahiri was "the one in front", Al-Sharif was the actual leader. [30] The group was also responsible for an assassination attempt on former interior minister Nabawi Ismail. Organization activities. These explosions followed other bombings elsewhere in the Sinai Peninsula in previous years: in Sharm el-Sheikh on 23 July 2005 and in Taba on 6 October 2004. [40], Dissent among EIJ members to this change of direction and abandonment of the taking over Egypt as the group's primary goal was so strong that "in the end, Zawahiri pledged to resign if the members failed to endorse his actions. [57][58], On Palm Sunday 9 April 2017, explosions occurred in St. George's Church in Tanta and St. Mark's Cathedral in Alexandria. EIJ has its network in Yemen, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, Sudan and the United Kingdom. Other Names Used: Egyptian Islamic Jihad [EIJ], Tanzim al-Jihad, al-Gihad al-Islami Founder & Founding Date: Muhammad ‘Abd al-Salam Farraj founded this group in 1979 in Cairo, Egypt, while he was in his mid-twenties. The actions of those Islamist elements, largely composed of tribesmen among the local Bedouins, drew a harsh response from interim Egyptian government since mid-2011 known as Operation Eagle. [17] Qutb emphasized the all-encompassing irredeemable awfulness of jahili society,[18] the wickedness and cruelty of those opposed to the movement of true Muslims,[19] and the utter worthlessness of Western civilization. The modern Al-Qaeda organization is the combination of bin Laden's financial resources with al-Zawahiri's ideological and operational leadership. As of 2015, four of 30 people on the United States Federal Bureau of Investigation "most wanted" terrorist list are Egyptian. Terrorism in Egypt in the 20th and 21st centuries has targeted the Egyptian government officials, Egyptian police and Egyptian army members, tourists, Sufi Mosques and the Christian minority. A car bomb explosion outside a church in the north Egyptian city of Alexandria killed at least 23 people and injured 43 following the evening service held at the church causing clashes between Coptic church members at the scene and the surrounding policemen. They received assistance from Sudanese intelligence services, which smuggled weapons into their embassy in Ethiopia.[30][31]. According to a November 21, 2001 article in The New York Times, Egyptian Islamic Jihad members made up the core of the al Qaeda organization by the time the 9/11 attacks were carried out. "a separate organization for paramilitary activity under the direct authority" the Brethren's head, Sheikh Hassan al-Banna. [7], Salvation from Hell sought to establish an Islamic state using force. Unfortunately for al-Jihad this bombing was preceded by two years of terror by a larger terror group (al-Gama'a al-Islamiyya) that had killed 240, and the patience of the Egyptian public had run short. 2. One blast occurred in or near the Nelson restaurant, one near the Aladdin café (both being on both sides of the bridge), and one near the Ghazala market. Sammy Salama Joe-Ryan Bergoch February 2008. The attack was planned a year in advance by Mustafa Hamza, a senior Egyptian member of the Al-Qaeda and commander of the military branch of the Al-Gama'a al-Islamiyya. According to Amaq News Agency, the perpetrator of the attack belonged to the Islamic State group. Qutb, who had been executed in 1967 after another purported plot to assassinate of Abdel Nasser, becoming a "shahid" to his supporters. 1106 persons were killed or wounded. In 1994, in a pamphlet written by Al-Zawahri, he alleges that, Ahmad Salama Mabruk's 17-year-old son Musab, as well as the 15-year-old son Ahmed of Mohammed Sharaf, were captured by the Egyptian General Intelligence Directorate and sexually abused. Tawheed and Jihad have denounced Egypt's President Mohamed Mursi, describing him as an 'infidel' despite the president belonging to Islamist party the Muslim Brotherhood. Reorganizing, the Egyptian Islamic Jihad carried out new attacks, principally against Egyptian political figures and security heads, as well as against foreign tourists in Egypt. 30 people were killed at St. George's and 17 at St. On 6 October 1981, Sadat and six diplomats were assassinated while observing a military parade commemorating the eighth anniversary of the October 1973 War. Sayyed Imam Al-Sharif has claimed that Zawahiri was an agent for Sudanese intelligence services. [20], In 1991, EIJ broke with al-Zumur and al-Zawahiri took control of the leadership. The aircraft, an Airbus A321-231, was carrying mostly tourists, there were 219 Russian, four Ukrainian, and one Belarusian. He was eventually imprisoned for his involvement in the plot to assassinate Egyptian President, Anwar Sadat. The operation was unsuccessful and the Israeli-trained Egyptian Jewish operatives who planted the bombs were all captured, although all of their Israeli handlers escaped. "The Age of Sacred Terror", 2002, Egyptian General Intelligence Directorate, 1998 bombings of American embassies in Africa, https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB123128812156759281, https://kyleorton1991.wordpress.com/2015/09/19/irans-partnership-with-al-qaeda-and-unanswered-questions/, https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2002/09/16/the-man-behind-bin-laden, "Pro-Morsy alliance considers presidential elections boycott", "The Denudation Of The Exoneration: Part 12", Summary of the Security Intelligence Report concerning Mahmoud Jaballah, "The Rebellion Within, An Al Qaeda mastermind questions terrorism", "Egyptian jihadist leader: Bin Laden blew himself up to avoid capture", http://a.abcnews.com/images/pdf/Pentagon_Report_V1.pdf, Jamaat al-Islamiyya (and) Egyptian Islamic Jihad, "In the Spotlight: Al-Jihad (Egyptian Islamic Jihad)", Monterey Institute of International Studies, Egypt's Jihad Group leader wants end to violence, Violence won't work: how author of 'jihadists' bible' stirred up a storm, Attack on the Egyptian Embassy in Pakistan, Videos and audio recordings of Osama bin Laden, Videos and audio recordings of Ayman al-Zawahiri, International propagation of Salafism and Wahhabism, Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam, Mujahideen Shura Council in the Environs of Jerusalem, Tanzim Qaidat al-Jihad fi Bilad al-Rafidayn, Liwa Assad Allah al-Ghalib fi al-Iraq wa al-Sham, Al-Qaeda Organization in the Islamic Maghreb, Movement for Oneness and Jihad in West Africa, Shura Council of Benghazi Revolutionaries, People who have been called "Third in Command of al-Qaeda", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Egyptian_Islamic_Jihad&oldid=1019600903, Organisations designated as terrorist by the United Kingdom, Organizations designated as terrorist in Africa, Entities added to the Consolidated List by Australia, Articles with dead external links from December 2016, Articles with permanently dead external links, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2007, Articles with unsourced statements from September 2013, All articles with vague or ambiguous time, Vague or ambiguous time from October 2011, Articles with unsourced statements from June 2007, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, 1979–present (As of June 2001, merged with Al-Qaeda), This page was last edited on 24 April 2021, at 08:34.

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