iranian intervention in iraq

Tehran's strategic objectives in its intervention in Iraq include keeping Iraq's allied Shia-led government in power and stabilizing its own border. The United States spent more than $1 trillion and lost about 4,500 troops in the effort to make Iraq the cornerstone of a Western-facing Middle East. [8], Also in June, Hezbollah reportedly set-up a dedicated command center in Lebanon to monitor developments in Iraq. "[1][2], On August 21, Kurdish activists claimed to have spotted elements of Iran's 81st Armored Division entering southern Kurdistan near Jalawla. Neither nation is known to have cooperated with the other in combating ISIL. Local forces: [21], In June, Iran deployed approximately 500 soldiers of the Revolutionary Guard's Qods Force to Iraq. [17][18], Iran has attempted to limit its overt military involvement in Iraq as a strategy geared toward avoiding the polarization of Iraq's Sunni minority, creating popular backlash against Iran among Iraqis, or deepening sectarian tensions. Iranian Brigadier-General Massoud Jazayeri stated that Iran could best help Iraq by providing it direction on its "successful experiments in popular all-around defense" that included "mobilizing masses of all ethnic groups. [28] The news was followed by an August Reuters story which reported there were "dozens" of Hezbollah "battle-hardened veterans" in Iraq, while the Christian Science Monitor reported the party had deployed a 250-man unit "responsible for advising, training, and coordinating the Iraqi Shiite militias. Chapter 1 describes Iran’s covert operations in Iraq before the U.S.-led invasion in 2003, including the formation of the Iranian Revolutionary Guard Corps. [8] In early summer, Iran also began shipping small arms and ammunition to the Kurdish Peshmerga at the request of the Kurdistan government. The Times said the leaked reports showed Iran had worked to infiltrate Iraq’s economic, political and religious life. [15], There were unconfirmed reports of clashes between ISIL forces and Revolutionary Guard Corps units near Urmia on August 28. Since the dynamics of Iranian-Saudi relations have been highly influenced by the intervention of third parties, mostly the US, it is possible that the … [24] That same day, Qods Force soldier Shojaat Alamdari was killed in Samarra. (6:00), Israeli air strike destroys Gaza tower block, Biden announces new incentives to boost vaccination rates, Arab League condemns Israeli air strikes on Gaza, Petrol shortages sweep US as Colonial Pipeline remains down, Gaza tower block collapses after Israeli strike, Palestinians say 21 killed as Israeli air raids on Gaza continue, Melinda Gates met divorce lawyers when Epstein ties revealed: WSJ, Break the fear barrier and speak up for Palestine, Al Jazeera Centre for Public Liberties & Human Rights. Foreign Affairs Minister of Iran Javad Zarif has described ISIL as an "ideological sibling" to Al-Qaeda, adding "the so-called Islamic State, is neither Islamic nor a state". Ultra Member : Sep 13, 2007, 05:43 AM Iranian intervention in Iraq. “Although protesters are angry with Iran, they are angry with the political system more generally and Iran fits into that system because it’s perceived to be one of the external backers of that system,” Mansour told Al Jazeera. [27]) Later that month, Hezbollah sent an undisclosed number of technical advisers and intelligence analysts to Baghdad in support of the Iranian deployment in Iraq. [25] Hezbollah leader Hassan Nasrallah later said that the party was "ready to sacrifice martyrs in Iraq five times more than what we sacrificed in Syria in order to protect shrines. [52], At the same time as the Iranian intervention into Iraq, a parallel American-led intervention was occurring. At the same time as the Iranian intervention into Iraq, a parallel American-led intervention was occurring. Fighting was ended by a 1988 cease-fire, though the resumption of normal diplomatic relations and the withdrawal of … Attacks on consulates in Iraqi cities reflect growing anger towards ‘Iranian intervention’, protesters and analysts say. [68], On September 29, in response to a statement by U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry that the United States wanted "to find out if they [Iran] will come on board" the American-led intervention, Ali Khamenei declared the U.S. position on ISIL as "absurd, hollow and biased.” Nonetheless, Khamenei also noted that some Iranian government officials were "not against" cooperation with the United States, explaining that he had personally quashed the suggestion of joint action against ISIL. [30], Between August 31 and September 1 the Iranian-equipped and Hezbollah-trained Asa'ib Ahl al-Haq and the Iranian-backed Kata'ib Hezbollah joined an Iraqi army assault to break the ISIL siege of Amerli. The campaign isn’t “against the Iranian people, we hate the Iranian government’s influence over our economy and want to put an end to that,” Dania told Al Jazeera. On November 14, it was reported that the army had taken full control of Baiji, forcing ISIL forces to withdraw, and on 18 November, the anti-terrorism force Mosul Battalion entered the refinery for the first time since June. There are at least 5 confirmed Iranians killed in Iraq: In late July 2014, it was reported Ibrahim al-Haj, a Hezbollah "technical specialist involved in training" was killed near Mosul.[49][50]. Iraqi leader Hadi al-Amiri said that "If it were not for the cooperation of the Islamic republic of Iran and General Suleimani, we would not today have a government headed by Haider al-Abadi in Baghdad". They then set it ablaze. Chapter 2 assesses the trajectory of Iranian intervention in Iraq since 2003. The Quds Force, along with Iran's Lebanese ally Hezbollah, are equipping, training, advising, and directing the Iraqi Shia militia (such as Kata'ib Hezbollah, Badr Organization, and Asa'ib Ahl al-Haq) against ISIL. After verifying 700 pages of reports by Iran’s Ministry of Intelligence and Security between 2014 and 2015, The New York Times and the Intercept offered on November 18 a “detailed portrait of just how aggressively Tehran has worked to embed itself in Iraqi affairs”. Iraqi security forces have shot dead at least 44 people in the country’s south in one of the bloodiest day of violence. Gordon, Michael R.; Schmitt, Eric (25 June 2014). Topic 2: Iranian Intervention in Iraq 2003-2005. Iranian strategy in Iraq is a subject of great importance and intense study. News reports have suggested Iran worked to prevent Prime Minister Adel Abdul Mahdi from stepping down, despite protesters demands to unseat the government. Iran's Secret Influence On Iraq : Fresh Air 'Intercept' Senior National Security Correspondent James Risen says new documents show how Iran … [36] Meanwhile, it was confirmed that Iraqi forces were in full control of Baiji. [9] Qods Force personnel were deployed to Samarra, Baghdad, Karbala, and the former U.S. military post known as Camp Speicher. Iraq's Leadership Is Finally Setting Limits on Iranian Intervention . Iranian intervention in Iraq (2014–present) Part of the Military intervention against ISIL Present territorial control of Iraq, ISIS (gray), Iraqi Government (red), Kurdish forces (yellow), as of 000000002016-05-01-0000 May 1, 2016 “Instead of going to classes, we’ve been busy organising campaigns to encourage people to boycott Iranian products and to buy local ones instead,” said Dania, a 20-year-old IT student at al-Nahrayn University in Baghdad. If confirmed, it would be a major victory for Iraqi forces. “Protesters’ targeting the Iranian consulates in Najaf and Karbala, and protesters trying to reach the Iranian embassy in Baghdad didn’t come out of thin air,” Saif Ali, a 29-year-old protester in Baghdad, told Al Jazeera. [4], On June 19, ISIL troops attacked Iranian border guards near Iran’s border city of Qasre Shirin. “We condemn Iran’s increasing intervention in Iraq’s internal affairs since 2003,” he explained, adding “until this moment, Iran is getting in how we form a government”. Iranian Intervention in Iraq Would Be Risky Iranian Intervention in Iraq Would Be Risky. Neither nation is known to have cooperated with the other in combating ISIL. I think that Iran's 2015 actions should be covered in this article, rather than splitting them into a 2015 article. “What happened in Najaf reflects the growing condemnation among protesters and the wider population towards what they regard as Iranian intervention in the country’s internal affairs,” al-Shimmary said. Eyal Zisser of Tel Aviv University has explained that “the West is helpless and does not know what to do against the Islamic State" and that it will ultimately conclude it has no choice but to ally with Iran.[70]. Mohammad Raad dismissed the NATO-centered coalition as neither serious nor sufficient to counter ISIL and noted that Hezbollah had initiated military operations against the ISIL prior to United States involvement. “So, protesters in the south view Iran as an impediment towards what they want to achieve – which is real reform.”. However, his direct intervention is the latest sign of Iran… There are three reasons: First, the war in Syria has received a much higher attention than the Iranian intervention in Yemen, therefore examining [5][31] (As of early 2014, reports characterized Asa'ib Ahl al-Haq as "controlled by Iran" and operating under the patronage of Qasem Soleimani. Soleimani, whose Quds force coordinates Tehran-backed militias in Iraq, Syria and Lebanon, is a frequent visitor to Iraq. In the strongest expression of anti-Iranian sentiment since demonstrations began in early October, protesters stormed the Iranian consulate in the Shia holy city of Najaf on Wednesday night, bringing down the Iranian flag and replacing it with Iraq’s. More than 360 people have been killed and thousands wounded since the start of the unrest. Iranian diplomats and staff narrowly escaped out of a back entrance. [34], There have been sporadic reports of ISIL troops in Iranian Kurdistan, these claims are unverified.[35]. ‘Increasing intervention’ The incident came less than a month after protesters in Karbala scaled the concrete barriers of the Iranian consulate in Iraq’s Shia holy city of Karbala on November 4. The attack was supported by the U.S. Air Force at the request of the Iraqi army, according to a statement by the U.S. Central Command. Refworld is the leading source of information necessary for taking quality decisions on refugee status. Other countries apparently had their doubts for quite some time ... they acted quite late in the game.”[66] Rouhani went on to question the level of American commitment, noting that the U.S. had not committed ground troops, as Iran had[67] - with, according to The Economist, Iranian officials boasting of being the ground force for America’s air strikes. Iran has emerged as one of Iraq’s largest trading partners, with Iranian exports to Iraq topping $1.8 billion (PDF) in 2006, according to the Iranian Custom Administration, up … [69], Despite the cool reception given by Iran and its allies to the United States intervention, some observers believe the U.S. coalition will eventually be forced into brokering an alliance with Tehran. "[19] Iran believes cooperation and unity among Iraq's fractious militias is essential in its battle against ISIL. [39] The US confirmed that American-made F-4 Phantom jets from the Iranian Air Force had been targeting ISIL positions in the eastern Iraqi province of Diyala but that it was up to Iraq to coordinate airspace use and the US was not coordinating with Iran. However, this could not be confirmed independently. Al Jazeera reported a joint Iranian-Kurdish operation near Jalawla involving hundreds of Iranian troops who left the next day, but Iranian Foreign Ministry spokeswoman Marzieh Afkham dismissed the reports of any Iranian military presence in Iraq. At least 330 people have been killed since the start of mass unrest in Baghdad and southern Iraq in early October. Iraqi Prime Minister Haider al-Abadi said "we do respect this Iranian commander and our collaboration with him is not a secret", adding that Iran was quick in sending arms to Iraq and helping Baghdad when ISIS captured the country’s Sunni provinces. Iranian general Qasem Soleimani was reportedly "present on the battlefield" during Operation Ashura. I could go either way on "Iranian-led intervention in Iraq" or "Iranian-led intervention in Iraq (2014-present)". State television said that they had entered the gates of the refinery. [42], In late June 2014, three Iranian border guards were killed along the border in western Kermanshah province by an alleged “terrorist group”, however it is unclear if the predators were members of PEJAK or ISIL.[43]. The Islamic Republic has used these advantages to permeate Iraq’s political, security, economic, and religious spheres. [29][unreliable source?] Some protesters say the incidents reflect anger towards what they perceive as Iranian intervention in Iraq. [32]), In late September, Iranian general Ahmad Reza Pourdastan threatened to "attack deep into Iraqi territory" should ISIL forces approach the Iranian border. [41] He is the highest ranking Iranian military official to die in Iraq since Iran's military intervention began. The reports have not been confirmed. Thus, Iranian leaders persevere the goal to reduce Western powers in the Middle East. [37] Later, the US Department of State congratulated the Iraqi forces for retaking the country's largest oil refinery, confirming the Iraqi victory. Iran Hezbollah[1][2] Using the Iran-Iraq conflict as a model, the Comment then examines the roles and likely effectiveness of the Security Council and Secretary-Gen-eral in causing United Nations members to peacefully resolve armed conflicts and comply with the Charter of the United Nations (Charter). [33] Earlier in the month, the Iranian government announced it had arrested Afghan and Pakistani nationals attempting to "cross Iran" to join ISIL. Still, everyone knows real change only comes to those who wait Executive Summary. Refworld contains a vast collection of reports relating to situations in countries of origin, policy documents and positions, and documents relating to international and national legal frameworks. [38], At the end of the month,video showing Iranian airstrikes of ISIL targets in Iraq surfaced. Iran and Iraq are Shiite-majority countries that share centuries-deep cultural and religious ties — and a 900-mile border. The incident came less than a month after protesters in Karbala scaled the concrete barriers of the Iranian consulate in Iraq’s Shia holy city of Karbala on November 4. But while Ali’s sentiments reflect that of a portion of Iraqi protesters, many are equally sceptical of all foreign involvement in Iraq. [20] In follow-up remarks, the Iranian-affiliated Kataib Hezbollah declared it would "not fight alongside the American troops under any kind of conditions whatsoever," adding that its only contact with the United States military would be “if we fight each other.”[55], At least one Hezbollah official has indicated the party will continue to operate independently, or in concert with Iraqi and Iranian forces, against ISIL and will not cooperate with the U.S.-led coalition concurrently operating against ISIL. ", http://www.rferl.org/content/iran-iraq-irgc-death-isil-moshajari/25424430.html, "INSIGHT-Iran's elite Guards fighting in Iraq to push back Islamic State", "Iranian general killed by sniper bullet in embattled Iraqi city", http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/12/28/us-mideast-crisis-iran-idUSKBN0K60F020141228, http://en.trend.az/iran/politics/2352019.html, "Hezbollah commander killed in Iraq: sources", http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/07/30/us-lebanon-iraq-hezbollah-idUSKBN0FZ2BI20140730, http://english.alarabiya.net/en/perspective/features/2015/01/06/-Iran-saved-Baghdad-from-falling-to-ISIS-says-Iraqi-MP.html, http://m.ibtimes.com/isis-update-iran-iraq-agree-military-pact-combat-islamic-state-militants-1770732, "John Baird says world must support fight against 'toxic' ISIS", http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/john-baird-says-world-must-support-fight-against-toxic-isis-1.2771883, "The Gulf’s fight against ISIS and its confrontations with Iran", http://english.alarabiya.net/en/views/news/middle-east/2014/09/21/The-Gulf-s-fight-against-ISIS-and-its-confrontations-with-Iran.html, "Kerry Says U.S. Is Open to Talking to Iran, Even as Ayatollah Is Dismissive", http://www.nytimes.com/2014/09/16/world/middleeast/iraqi-leader-asks-world-powers-to-pursue-isis-in-syria.html, "Modi calls for global convention on terror", http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/modi-calls-for-global-convention-on-terror/article6453259.ece, "Renzi govt talks to Iran as anti-ISIS campaign rolls on", http://www.ansa.it/english/news/2014/09/26/renzi-govt-talks-to-iran-as-anti-isis-campaign-rolls-on_42ac7271-f165-4f3d-9eb6-5efdb5c4a9cf.html, "Israel's Netanyahu Advises Obama On Iraq:'When Your Enemies Are Fighting Each Other, Weaken Both'", http://dailycaller.com/2014/06/22/israels-netanyahu-advises-obama-on-iraq-when-your-enemies-are-fighting-each-other-weaken-both/, "Israel’s Netanyahu warns Obama on working with Iran in Iraq", http://rt.com/news/167772-netanyahu-obama-iran-iraq/, "Al Nusrah Front propaganda focuses on Iranian influence in Lebanon, Syria", http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2014/10/al_nusrah_front_prop.php#ixzz3F39Yv7nY, "Putin offers ‘complete support’ to Iraq, Iran says Obama lacks will to combat terrorism", http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/middle-east/Putin-offers-complete-support-to-Iraq-Iran-says-Obama-lacks-will-to-combat-terrorism/articleshow/36904573.cms, "Hagel: US knows Iran, Russia aiding Iraq in fight against ISIS", http://thehill.com/policy/defense/212024-hagel-us-knows-iran-russia-aiding-iraq-in-fight-against-isis, "Middle East Updates / Paris wants Iran to help crush ISIL", http://www.haaretz.com/news/middle-east/middle-east-updates/1.615474, "Kerry raises ISIS threat with Iranian counterpart", http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/middle-east/2014/09/22/Kerry-raises-ISIS-threat-with-Iranian-counterpart.html, http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/dec/05/iran-conducts-air-strikes-against-isis-exremists-iraq, http://cnnpressroom.blogs.cnn.com/2014/09/28/rouhani-iran-is-against-terrorism/, "Iran President Gives Qualified Endorsement to Coalition Strikes Against ISIL", http://www.thenewamerican.com/usnews/foreign-policy/item/19211-iran-president-gives-qualified-endorsement-to-coalition-strikes-against-islamic-state, http://www.economist.com/news/middle-east-and-africa/21640382-iran-doing-better-its-rivals-expanding-its-influence-unstable, "Hezbollah MP belittles counterterrorism coalition", http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Lebanon-News/2014/Sep-21/271391-hezbollah-mp-belittles-counterterrorism-coalition.ashx#axzz3EXP6ddhO, "Powerless to stop ISIL, West may have to join forces with Iran, Hezbollah", http://www.jpost.com/Middle-East/Powerless-to-stop-ISIS-West-may-have-no-choice-but-to-join-forces-with-Iran-Hezbollah-371935, Jordanian intervention in the Syrian Civil War, Al-Hasakah offensive (February–March 2015), Second Battle of Tikrit (March–April 2015), Al-Hasakah city offensive (May–June 2015), Timeline of the American-led intervention in Syria, https://military.wikia.org/wiki/Iranian_intervention_in_Iraq_(2014–present)?oldid=5304225, Iranian airstrikes on ISIL positions in Iraq, Ground contact between Iranian-affiliated Iraqi militias and ISIL troops. "[26], Between June 30 and July 1, seven Su-25 aircraft were sent by Iran to al-Rashid and, later, to al-Muthanna air base. [51], On December 31, 2014, Defence Ministers of Iran and Iraq signed a military pact to combat ISIS. [9] The aircraft were supported by bi-national Iranian/Iraqi ground crews who had been trained in Iran. What is still worse for Iran is the US’ direct military intervention on the side of Iraq against Iran. Local Shia militias: All Topics Topic Society & Culture Politics » Iranian intervention in Iraq tomder55 Posts: 1,742, Reputation: 342. Estimates of total casualties range from 1,000,000 to twice that number. [18] Most Iranian aid has thus far come in the form of technical assistance, the commitment of special forces troops, and air support. Two decisive military experiences in the 1980s have helped shape Iran’s approach to military intervention and its very strong preference for covert operations. Iranian president Hassan Rouhani has dismissed U.S. involvement, noting that "Iran, from the very first moment, did not hesitate in fighting against terrorism. Since the protests began in the capital Baghdad in October, protesters have clashed with security forces as they tried to advance on main bridges connecting central Baghdad to the Green Zone, where government buildings and foreign embassies, including the Iranian embassy, are based. “With the incidents taking place in two Shia holy cities, they reflect a change among Iraq’s Shia populations towards Iran and its plummeting popularity as protesters try to distance themselves from Tehran.”. Shiite tribal fighters raise their weapons and chant slogans against the … Baghdad, Iraq – As anti-government protests demanding a complete overhaul of the political system continue from the capital to the mainly Shia south, some protesters have focused their anger on official Iranian facilities. Iranian president Hassan Rouhani has dismissed U.S. involvement, noting that "Iran, from the very first moment, did not hesitate in fighting against terrorism. The militia became increasingly powerful after the 2014 advance of ISIL and comparable to the Iraqi security forces. Earlier this month, videos were shared on social media showing Iraqi demonstrators striking images of Iran’s Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei and Quds Force leader Qassem Soleimani. Iran felt that US presence and interference in the Gulf compromised Iranian interests severely. [20], The Washington Post reported Iran has sent more than 1,000 military advisers to Iraq, airstrikes and spent more than $1 billion on military aid. It was deployed in the region several days before the formal commencement of the ceasefire on 20 August 1988. Iran-Iraq War (1980–88), prolonged military conflict between Iran and Iraq. “We refuse foreign intervention, whether it’s from Iran, the US, or even Turkey,” Jaafar Hussein, a 50-year-old protester in Najaf, told Al Jazeera. Iran's influence in Iraq has been one of the most talked about but least understood aspects of the post-war situation. Dehghanpisheh, Babak; Karouny, Mariam; Parker, Ned (August 3, 2014). [40], On 27 December, IRGC Brigadier General Hamid Taqavi was killed in Samarra, Iraq, reportedly by an ISIL sniper. Iran launched airstrikes against ISIL positions and provided combat troops and technical advisers to the Iraqi government, Shia militias, and Iraqi Kurdistan.[14][15][16]. Iran’s growing influence and intervention in Iraq is causing growing unrest in Iraq. Shortly thereafter, Hezbollah commander Ibrahim al-Hajj was reported killed in action near Mosul.  Iraq “Protesters haven’t only targeted the Iranian consulates, but they’ve also set government buildings and parliamentarian’s homes ablaze, and so their anger is not only focused on Iran,” said Mustafa. Renad Mansour, director of Iraq Initiative at Chatham House, said the attack in Najaf had been building since the Iranian consulate was attacked in Basra in 2018.  Iraqi Kurdistan[3] It has been suggested these may be the same Su-25s. Many discussions of Iran concentrate on reports of lethal aid, pronouncements of Iranian leaders, or Iranian nuclear ambitions. Iran is now in the uncomfortable position of planning to stage a military intervention in Iraq, one that is likely to follow a pattern that has emerged since 1979.

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